--- - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Kimmons, Joel E; Blanck, Heidi Michels; Tohill, Beth Carlton; Zhang, Jian; Khan, Laura Kettel' Issue: 4 Journal: Medscape General Medicine PMC: 1868363 Pages: 59 Title: Associations between body mass index and the prevalence of low micronutrient levels among US adults URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1868363 Volume: 8 Year: 2006 _chapter: Ch6 _record_number: 17958 _uuid: 481f5e8a-3c45-4744-b9ac-92e052be1c41 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/481f5e8a-3c45-4744-b9ac-92e052be1c41.yaml identifier: 481f5e8a-3c45-4744-b9ac-92e052be1c41 uri: /reference/481f5e8a-3c45-4744-b9ac-92e052be1c41 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: EPA ISBN: EPA-452/P-14-006 Place Published: 'Research Triangle Park, NC' Publisher: 'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards' Title: Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Proposed Revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ground-Level Ozone URL: http://epa.gov/ttn/ecas/regdata/RIAs/20141125ria.pdf Year: 2014 _record_number: 18889 _uuid: 489c7b61-d874-4378-8952-180bb3c990d5 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-452-p-14-006 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/489c7b61-d874-4378-8952-180bb3c990d5.yaml identifier: 489c7b61-d874-4378-8952-180bb3c990d5 uri: /reference/489c7b61-d874-4378-8952-180bb3c990d5 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Kellar, D. M. M.; Schmidlin, T. W.' DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-318X.2012.01136.x ISSN: 1753-318X Issue: 2 Journal: Journal of Flood Risk Management Pages: 153-163 Title: 'Vehicle-related flood deaths in the United States, 1995-2005' Volume: 5 Year: 2012 _chapter: Ch7 _record_number: 17780 _uuid: 48b61de6-f0e7-4ad9-9aa6-e1aa1435d811 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2012.01136.x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/48b61de6-f0e7-4ad9-9aa6-e1aa1435d811.yaml identifier: 48b61de6-f0e7-4ad9-9aa6-e1aa1435d811 uri: /reference/48b61de6-f0e7-4ad9-9aa6-e1aa1435d811 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Tasian, Gregory E.; Pulido, Jose E.; Gasparrini, Antonio; Saigal, Christopher S.; Horton, Benjamin P.; Landis, J.Richard; Madison, Rodger; Keren, Ron' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307703 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 10 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 1081-1087 Title: 'Daily mean temperature and clinical kidney stone presentation in five U.S. metropolitan areas: A time-series analysis' Volume: 122 Year: 2014 _chapter: Ch2 _record_number: 19133 _uuid: 48ce665c-313f-4ad7-b59b-164ac66017e9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1307703 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/48ce665c-313f-4ad7-b59b-164ac66017e9.yaml identifier: 48ce665c-313f-4ad7-b59b-164ac66017e9 uri: /reference/48ce665c-313f-4ad7-b59b-164ac66017e9 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Deschênes, O.\rGreenstone, M." DOI: 10.1257/app.3.4.152 ISSN: 1945-7782 Issue: 4 Journal: 'American Economic Journal: Applied Economics' Pages: 152-185 Title: 'Climate change, mortality, and adaptation: Evidence from annual fluctuations in weather in the US' Volume: 3 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL"]' _record_number: 343 _uuid: 48d08f16-c2bb-4591-831d-22c262d869fb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1257/app.3.4.152 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/48d08f16-c2bb-4591-831d-22c262d869fb.yaml identifier: 48d08f16-c2bb-4591-831d-22c262d869fb uri: /reference/48d08f16-c2bb-4591-831d-22c262d869fb - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Sanchez-Guillen, Rosa A.; Cordoba-Aguilar, Alex; Hansson, Bengt; Ott, Jurgen; Wellenreuther, Maren' DOI: 10.1111/brv.12204 ISSN: 1469-185X Journal: Biological Reviews Title: Evolutionary consequences of climate-induced range shifts in insects Volume: July 6 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19318 _uuid: 48d6e4c9-0554-46df-af1b-e7c36d18da1b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/brv.12204 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/48d6e4c9-0554-46df-af1b-e7c36d18da1b.yaml identifier: 48d6e4c9-0554-46df-af1b-e7c36d18da1b uri: /reference/48d6e4c9-0554-46df-af1b-e7c36d18da1b - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Eisenman, David P.; Cordasco, Kristina M.; Asch, Steve; Golden, Joya F.; Glik, Deborah' DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2005.084335 ISSN: 1541-0048 Issue: Supplement_1 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Pages: S109-S115 Title: 'Disaster planning and risk communication with vulnerable communities: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina' Volume: 97 Year: 2007 _record_number: 18824 _uuid: 48e077af-87f3-4f6c-ab3e-dfbefe2ff50d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2105/ajph.2005.084335 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/48e077af-87f3-4f6c-ab3e-dfbefe2ff50d.yaml identifier: 48e077af-87f3-4f6c-ab3e-dfbefe2ff50d uri: /reference/48e077af-87f3-4f6c-ab3e-dfbefe2ff50d - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'In western North America, the tick Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls (Acari: Ixodidae) is the primary vector to humans and domestic animals of the disease agents causing Lyme disease and granulocytic ehrlichiosis. We examined the seasonal activity patterns of I. pacificus nymphs over a 4-year period, including the wet and cold El Nino winter/spring of 1998, in a dry oak/madrone woodland, and for one year in a cooler and moister redwood/tanoak woodland in Mendocino County, California. Linear regressions were used to estimate when nymphal densities first exceeded and then fell below 25, 50 and 75% of the recorded yearly peak densities. In oak/madrone woodland, nymphs typically were active by mid-March, reached 50% of their yearly peak densities in early to mid-April, peaked by early May, fell below 50% of their peak densities by early to mid-June, and were absent by late July to mid-August. The lengths of the periods with nymphal densities exceeding 50 and 75% of the recorded yearly peaks in oak/madrone woodland were associated positively with rainfall and negatively with maximum air temperatures during April-May. Moreover, nymphal numbers typically reached 50% of their peak 10-15 days later, remained at levels above 50% of the peak 1.3-1.5 times longer, and started declining 4-6 weeks later under cooler, moister climatic conditions (oak/madrone woodland in 1998 and redwood/tanoak woodland in 2000) relative to warmer, drier conditions (oak/madrone woodland in 2000-2001). In oak/madrone woodland, nymphal densities typically started to decline when mean maximum daily air temperatures exceeded 23degreesC. Nymphal densities were higher in dry oak/madrone relative to moist redwood/tanoak woodland from mid-March to late May 2000, similar in both habitat types in early June, but higher in redwood/tanoak woodland from late June onwards. We conclude that large-scale studies of the density of I. pacificus nymphs in California need to consider spatial variation in the length of nymphal activity periods and select temporal sampling regimens that yield representative data for all included habitat types.' Author: 'Eisen, L.; Eisen, R. J.; Lane, R. S.' DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00372.x Date: Jun ISSN: 1365-2915 Issue: 3 Journal: Medical and Veterinary Entomology Keywords: borrelia burgdorferi; ixodes pacificus; climate; ecology; habitat; lyme disease; nymphs; risk index; seasonality; california; USA; blacklegged tick acari; black-legged tick; lyme-disease; borrelia-burgdorferi; ixodidae nymphs; scapularis acari; new-jersey; california; temperature; survival Language: English Notes: 589TF Times Cited:35 Cited References Count:32 Pages: 235-244 Title: Seasonal activity patterns of Ixodes pacificus nymphs in relation to climatic conditions Volume: 16 Year: 2002 _record_number: 17734 _uuid: 4902bb7e-2914-469b-b0ee-06dc728f00c5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00372.x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4902bb7e-2914-469b-b0ee-06dc728f00c5.yaml identifier: 4902bb7e-2914-469b-b0ee-06dc728f00c5 uri: /reference/4902bb7e-2914-469b-b0ee-06dc728f00c5 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Wu, Jianyong; Zhou, Ying; Gao, Yang; Fu, Joshua S.; Johnson, Brent A.; Huang, Cheng; Kim, Young-Min; Liu, Yang' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306670 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Notes: 'Ch2, 3, 10' Pages: 10-16 Title: Estimation and uncertainty analysis of impacts of future heat waves on mortality in the eastern United States Volume: 122 Year: 2014 _chapter: 'Ch2, 3, 10' _record_number: 16125 _uuid: 49407e4c-351c-4240-9c91-50e36a83849d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1306670 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/49407e4c-351c-4240-9c91-50e36a83849d.yaml identifier: 49407e4c-351c-4240-9c91-50e36a83849d uri: /reference/49407e4c-351c-4240-9c91-50e36a83849d - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: "Previous research provided evidence of an association between short-term exposure to ozone and mortality risk and of heterogeneity in the risk across communities. The authors investigated whether this heterogeneity can be explained by community-specific characteristics: race, income, education, urbanization, transportation use, particulate matter and ozone levels, number of ozone monitors, weather, and use of air conditioning. Their study included data on 98 US urban communities for 1987 to 2000 from the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study; US Census; and American Housing Survey. On average across the communities, a 10-ppb increase in the previous week's ozone level was associated with a 0.52% (95% posterior interval: 0.28, 0.77) increase in mortality. The authors found that community-level characteristics modify the relation between ozone and mortality. Higher effect estimates were associated with higher unemployment, fraction of the Black/African-American population, and public transportation use and with lower temperatures or prevalence of central air conditioning. These differences may relate to underlying health status, differences in exposure, or other factors. Results show that some segments of the population may face higher health burdens of ozone pollution." Author: 'Bell, Michelle L.; Dominici, Francesca' DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm396 ISSN: 1476-6256 Issue: 8 Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology Keywords: 'Air Conditioning; Air Pollution; Air Pollution: adverse effects; Air Pollution: statistics & numerical data; Bayes Theorem; Continental Population Groups; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Exposure: adverse effects; Environmental Exposure: statistics & numerical dat; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Income; Male; Models, Statistical; Mortality; Mortality: trends; Ozone; Ozone: toxicity; Particulate Matter; Particulate Matter: adverse effects; Residence Characteristics; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; United States: epidemiology' Pages: 986-997 Title: Effect modification by community characteristics on the short-term effects of ozone exposure and mortality in 98 US communities Volume: 167 Year: 2008 _record_number: 18878 _uuid: 495289be-0bc8-4c43-8e6d-f2fc7d26e361 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/kwm396 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/495289be-0bc8-4c43-8e6d-f2fc7d26e361.yaml identifier: 495289be-0bc8-4c43-8e6d-f2fc7d26e361 uri: /reference/495289be-0bc8-4c43-8e6d-f2fc7d26e361 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Petersen, L. R.; Hayes, E. B.' DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp048261 Date: Nov 25 ISSN: 1533-4406 Issue: 22 Journal: New England Journal of Medicine Keywords: Animals; Culicidae; Humans; Insect Vectors; United States/epidemiology; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/transmission; *West Nile virus Notes: 'Petersen, Lyle R Hayes, Edward B eng 2004/11/27 09:00 N Engl J Med. 2004 Nov 25;351(22):2257-9.' Pages: 2257-2259 Title: Westward ho?--The spread of West Nile virus Volume: 351 Year: 2004 _record_number: 18023 _uuid: 49895ad3-f773-48be-941c-a69a792c2361 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1056/NEJMp048261 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/49895ad3-f773-48be-941c-a69a792c2361.yaml identifier: 49895ad3-f773-48be-941c-a69a792c2361 uri: /reference/49895ad3-f773-48be-941c-a69a792c2361 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Author: AAAAI Number: November 11 Publisher: 'American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology' Title: Allergy Statistics URL: http://www.aaaai.org/about-the-aaaai/newsroom/allergy-statistics.aspx Year: 2013 _record_number: 19008 _uuid: 49a88ae9-9f4c-4a99-92fa-3da34bf2a70f reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/3bd35c21-e4de-426d-9542-5e56f95de321 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/49a88ae9-9f4c-4a99-92fa-3da34bf2a70f.yaml identifier: 49a88ae9-9f4c-4a99-92fa-3da34bf2a70f uri: /reference/49a88ae9-9f4c-4a99-92fa-3da34bf2a70f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Utaaker, Kjersti Selstad; Robertson, Lucy J.' DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.051 ISSN: 1873-7145 Journal: Food Research International Pages: 16-23 Title: 'Climate change and foodborne transmission of parasites: A consideration of possible interactions and impacts for selected parasites' Volume: 68 Year: 2015 _chapter: Ch6 _record_number: 16211 _uuid: 49cc7d44-c580-4d2d-8630-914cbf0a173f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.051 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/49cc7d44-c580-4d2d-8630-914cbf0a173f.yaml identifier: 49cc7d44-c580-4d2d-8630-914cbf0a173f uri: /reference/49cc7d44-c580-4d2d-8630-914cbf0a173f - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Ziska, L.H.' Book Title: Handbook on Climate Change and Agriculture Editor: "Dinar, A.\rMendelsohn, R." ISBN: 1849801169 Pages: 9-31 Place Published: 'Cheltenham, United Kingdom' Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing Reviewer: 49d46c73-b2da-4977-8c94-fc8d6954d0a0 Title: 'Climate change, carbon dioxide and global crop production: Food security and uncertainty' Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 3552 _uuid: 49d46c73-b2da-4977-8c94-fc8d6954d0a0 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/e6446d47-250c-45f3-886e-855cddb78c8d href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/49d46c73-b2da-4977-8c94-fc8d6954d0a0.yaml identifier: 49d46c73-b2da-4977-8c94-fc8d6954d0a0 uri: /reference/49d46c73-b2da-4977-8c94-fc8d6954d0a0 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Klein, Kelly R.; Herzog, Perri; Smolinske, Susan; White, Suzanne R.' DOI: 10.1080/15563650601031676 ISSN: 1556-9519 Issue: 3 Journal: Clinical Toxicology Pages: 248-254 Title: Demand for poison control center services “surged” during the 2003 blackout Volume: 45 Year: 2007 _chapter: Ch7 _record_number: 16316 _uuid: 4a66e935-a734-47e5-a4ec-2e9c491a574a reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1080/15563650601031676 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4a66e935-a734-47e5-a4ec-2e9c491a574a.yaml identifier: 4a66e935-a734-47e5-a4ec-2e9c491a574a uri: /reference/4a66e935-a734-47e5-a4ec-2e9c491a574a - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Hattenrath, Theresa K.; Anderson, Donald M.; Gobler, Christopher J.' DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2010.02.003 ISSN: 1878-1470 Issue: 4 Journal: Harmful Algae Pages: 402-412 Title: The influence of anthropogenic nitrogen loading and meteorological conditions on the dynamics and toxicity of Alexandrium fundyense blooms in a New York (USA) estuary Volume: 9 Year: 2010 _record_number: 16947 _uuid: 4a76415a-22be-4ff6-90ba-c7620c474923 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.hal.2010.02.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4a76415a-22be-4ff6-90ba-c7620c474923.yaml identifier: 4a76415a-22be-4ff6-90ba-c7620c474923 uri: /reference/4a76415a-22be-4ff6-90ba-c7620c474923 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Jagai, J.S.; Griffiths, Jeffrey K.; Kirshen, P.K.; Webb, Patrick; Naumova, Elena N.' DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9051771 ISSN: 1660-4601 Issue: 5 Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Pages: 1771-1790 Title: Seasonal patterns of gastrointestinal illness and streamflow along the Ohio River Volume: 9 Year: 2012 _record_number: 19248 _uuid: 4a9cc40f-0650-41e7-9e0d-df2229f7c1fb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/ijerph9051771 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4a9cc40f-0650-41e7-9e0d-df2229f7c1fb.yaml identifier: 4a9cc40f-0650-41e7-9e0d-df2229f7c1fb uri: /reference/4a9cc40f-0650-41e7-9e0d-df2229f7c1fb - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: A 2004 study showed adolescents living in rural Australia were aware of the impact of drought on self, family and community, but did not report levels of emotional distress higher than adolescents of similar age and gender in the Australian community. It was proposed that the rural lifestyle had helped adolescents build resilience for managing this environmental adversity. OBJECTIVE: To re sample adolescents from the same rural area and determine if this resilience remained after ongoing drought three years later. DESIGN: A mixed methods approach using focus groups and a self-report questionnaire. SETTING: Government Central Schools within the Riverina region of New South Wales. PARTICIPANTS: Male and female adolescents (n = 111) aged 11-17 years completed the self-report questionnaires, while some adolescents (n = 61) within this group also participated in focus groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and a Drought and Community Survey for Children comprised the self-report survey. RESULTS: Adolescents reported significantly higher levels of emotional distress than those in the previous study (t (191) = 2.80, P < 0.01) and 12% of adolescents scored in the clinical caseness range. Thematic analysis showed consistency with the previous study as well as new themes of grief, loss and the impacts of global climate change. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate a reporting of lesser well-being than was reported by a comparable group of young people four years earlier. A preventative intervention with a focus on family and community is recommended to address the mental health of adolescents enduring a chronic environmental adversity such as drought.' Author: 'Dean, J. G.; Stain, H. J.' DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2009.01107.x Date: Feb ISSN: 1440-1584 Issue: 1 Journal: Australian Journal of Rural Health Keywords: 'Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Age Factors; Climate Change; Data Collection; *Disasters; *Droughts; Female; Focus Groups; Humans; Male; *Mental Health; New South Wales/epidemiology; Psychological Tests; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/etiology' Language: eng Notes: "1440-1584 Dean, John G Stain, Helen J Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Australia Aust J Rural Health. 2010 Feb;18(1):32-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2009.01107.x." Pages: 32-37 Title: Mental health impact for adolescents living with prolonged drought Volume: 18 Year: 2010 _record_number: 18079 _uuid: 4afc155c-360f-4314-b874-d7bbdcec9b8f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2009.01107.x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4afc155c-360f-4314-b874-d7bbdcec9b8f.yaml identifier: 4afc155c-360f-4314-b874-d7bbdcec9b8f uri: /reference/4afc155c-360f-4314-b874-d7bbdcec9b8f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Pérez de León, Adalberto A.; Teel, Pete D.; Auclair, Allan N.; Messenger, Matthew T.; Guerrero, Felix D.; Schuster, Greta; Miller, Robert J.' DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00195 ISSN: 1664-042X Journal: Frontiers in Physiology Pages: Article 195 Title: Integrated strategy for sustainable cattle fever tick eradication in USA is required to mitigate the impact of global change Volume: 3 Year: 2012 _chapter: Ch6 _record_number: 16208 _uuid: 4b0cbc38-2722-418e-a982-5e04837291b0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3389/fphys.2012.00195 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4b0cbc38-2722-418e-a982-5e04837291b0.yaml identifier: 4b0cbc38-2722-418e-a982-5e04837291b0 uri: /reference/4b0cbc38-2722-418e-a982-5e04837291b0 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Bailey, S.W.' DOI: 10.1002/ps.785 ISSN: 1526-4998 Issue: 2 Journal: Pest Management Science Pages: 158-162 Title: Climate change and decreasing herbicide persistence Volume: 60 Year: 2004 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 275 _uuid: 4b172149-38b0-4071-8aa6-b41f08b227fc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/ps.785 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4b172149-38b0-4071-8aa6-b41f08b227fc.yaml identifier: 4b172149-38b0-4071-8aa6-b41f08b227fc uri: /reference/4b172149-38b0-4071-8aa6-b41f08b227fc - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Moore, Stephanie K.; Johnstone, James A.; Banas, Neil S.; Salathé, Eric P.' DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2015.06.008 ISSN: 1878-1470 Journal: Harmful Algae Pages: 1-11 Title: 'Present-day and future climate pathways affecting Alexandrium blooms in Puget Sound, WA, USA' Volume: 48 Year: 2015 _record_number: 17215 _uuid: 4b696f21-64fb-476a-b665-759173539f2f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.hal.2015.06.008 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4b696f21-64fb-476a-b665-759173539f2f.yaml identifier: 4b696f21-64fb-476a-b665-759173539f2f uri: /reference/4b696f21-64fb-476a-b665-759173539f2f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: "Outbreaks of disease attributable to drinking water are not common in the U.S., but they do still occur and can lead to serious acute, chronic, or sometimes fatal health consequences, particularly in sensitive and immunocompromised populations. From 1971 to 2002, there were 764 documented waterborne outbreaks associated with drinking water, resulting in 575,457 cases of illness and 79 deaths (Blackburn et al. 2004; Calderon 2004); however, the true impact of disease is estimated to be much higher. If properly applied, current protocols in municipal water treatment are effective at eliminating pathogens from water. However, inadequate, interrupted, or intermittent treatment has repeatedly been associated with waterborne disease outbreaks. Contamination is not evenly distributed but rather affected by the number of pathogens in the source water, the age of the distribution system, the quality of the delivered water, and climatic events that can tax treatment plant operations. Private water supplies are not regulated by the USEPA and are generally not treated or monitored, although very few of the municipal systems involved in documented outbreaks exceeded the USEPA's total coliform standard in the preceding 12 mon (Craun et al. 2002). We provide here estimates of waterborne infection and illness risks in the U.S. based on the total number of water systems, source water type, and total populations exposed. Furthermore, we evaluated all possible illnesses associated with the microbial infection and not just gastroenteritis. Our results indicate that 10.7 M infections/yr and 5.4 M illnesses/yr occur in populations served by community groundwater systems; 2.2 M infections/yr and 1.1 M illnesses/yr occur in noncommunity groundwater systems; and 26.0 M infections/yr and 13.0 M illnesses/yr occur in municipal surface water systems. The total estimated number of waterborne illnesses/yr in the U.S. is therefore estimated to be 19.5 M/yr. Others have recently estimated waterborne illness rates of 12M cases/yr (Colford et al. 2006) and 16 M cases/yr (Messner et al. 2006), yet our estimate considers all health outcomes associated with exposure to pathogens in drinking water rather than only gastrointestinal illness. Drinking water outbreaks exemplify known breaches in municipal water treatment and distribution processes and the failure of regulatory requirements to ensure water that is free of human pathogens. Water purification technologies applied at the point-of-use (POU) can be effective for limiting the effects of source water contamination, treatment plant inadequacies, minor intrusions in the distribution system, or deliberate posttreatment acts (i.e., bioterrorism). Epidemiological studies are conflicting on the benefits of POU water treatment. One prospective intervention study found that consumers of reverse-osmosis (POU) filtered water had 20%-35% less gastrointestinal illnesses than those consuming regular tap water, with an excess of 14% of illness due to contaminants introduced in the distribution system (Payment 1991, 1997). Two other studies using randomized, blinded, controlled trials determined that the risks were equal among groups supplied with POU-treated water compared to untreated tap water (Hellard et al. 2001; Colford et al. 2003). For immunocompromised populations, POU water treatment devices are recommended by the CDC and USEPA as one treatment option for reducing risks of Cryptosporidium and other types of infectious agents transmitted by drinking water. Other populations, including those experiencing \"normal\" life stages such as pregnancy, or those very young or very old, might also benefit from the utilization of additional water treatment options beyond the current multibarrier approach of municipal water treatment." Author: 'Reynolds, K. A.; Mena, K. D.; Gerba, C. P.' DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71724-1_4 ISSN: 0179-5953 Journal: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Keywords: '*Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/transmission; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Humans; Risk Assessment; Sanitation; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; *Water Microbiology; *Water Pollution; *Water Supply' Language: eng Notes: 'Reynolds, Kelly A Mena, Kristina D Gerba, Charles P Journal Article Review United States Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008;192:117-58.' Pages: 117-158 Title: Risk of waterborne illness via drinking water in the United States Volume: 192 Year: 2008 _record_number: 18981 _uuid: 4b6b3135-445b-496f-b481-70a4d9561386 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/978-0-387-71724-1_4 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4b6b3135-445b-496f-b481-70a4d9561386.yaml identifier: 4b6b3135-445b-496f-b481-70a4d9561386 uri: /reference/4b6b3135-445b-496f-b481-70a4d9561386 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Cakmak, Sabit; Dales, Robert E.; Coates, Frances' DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.025 ISSN: 0091-6749 Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pages: 228-231 Title: Does air pollution increase the effect of aeroallergens on hospitalization for asthma? Volume: 129 Year: 2012 _chapter: Ch3 _record_number: 17665 _uuid: 4beaa115-1cbe-404e-a62d-4a943c946820 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.025 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4beaa115-1cbe-404e-a62d-4a943c946820.yaml identifier: 4beaa115-1cbe-404e-a62d-4a943c946820 uri: /reference/4beaa115-1cbe-404e-a62d-4a943c946820 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Kotwal, Russ S.; Wenzel, Robert B.; Sterling, Raymond A.; Porter, William D.; Jordan, Nikki N.; Petruccelli, Bruno P.' DOI: 10.1001/jama.293.2.212 ISSN: 0098-7484 Issue: 2 Journal: 'JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association' Pages: 212-216 Title: An outbreak of malaria in US Army Rangers returning from Afghanistan Volume: 293 Year: 2005 _record_number: 19252 _uuid: 4c09952d-9774-4e5d-96bf-7b0204eeeffa reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1001/jama.293.2.212 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4c09952d-9774-4e5d-96bf-7b0204eeeffa.yaml identifier: 4c09952d-9774-4e5d-96bf-7b0204eeeffa uri: /reference/4c09952d-9774-4e5d-96bf-7b0204eeeffa - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Manea, A.; Leishman, M. R.; Downey, P. O.' DOI: 10.1614/ws-d-10-00080.1 ISSN: 1550-2759 Issue: 1 Journal: Weed Science Pages: 28-36 Title: Exotic C4 grasses have increased tolerance to glyphosate under elevated carbon dioxide Volume: 59 Year: 2011 _chapter: Ch6 _record_number: 17925 _uuid: 4c6335ac-bf06-4a51-8d12-677ce9b21f55 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1614/ws-d-10-00080.1 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4c6335ac-bf06-4a51-8d12-677ce9b21f55.yaml identifier: 4c6335ac-bf06-4a51-8d12-677ce9b21f55 uri: /reference/4c6335ac-bf06-4a51-8d12-677ce9b21f55 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: WHO Pages: 303 Place Published: Geneva Publisher: World Health Organization Title: 'International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health' Year: 2001 _record_number: 18289 _uuid: 4c802689-b45a-4c84-8a26-26ea87f5b33f reftype: Report child_publication: /report/who-icf-2001 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4c802689-b45a-4c84-8a26-26ea87f5b33f.yaml identifier: 4c802689-b45a-4c84-8a26-26ea87f5b33f uri: /reference/4c802689-b45a-4c84-8a26-26ea87f5b33f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'A history of shellfish-vectored illnesses (i.e., those associated with consumption of clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops) occurring in the past nine decades is presented. Typhoid fever was a significant public health problem among consumers of raw molluscan shellfish earlier in this century. The development of more effective sewage treatment procedures and the institution of a national program following these outbreaks led to a series of measures which eventually eliminated shellfish-associated typhoid fever. Present-day problems associated with this food source still involve some wastewaterborne bacterial illnesses. However, the principal public health concerns are with wastewater-derived viral pathogens and with bacterial agents of an environmental origin. The nature, occurrence, and magnitude of these public health problems are described.' Author: 'Rippey, S R' DOI: 10.1128/cmr.7.4.419 Date: 'October 1, 1994' Issue: 4 Journal: Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pages: 419-425 Title: Infectious diseases associated with molluscan shellfish consumption Volume: 7 Year: 1994 _record_number: 19045 _uuid: 4c8cce07-4076-48be-9a8e-3b84ed71c237 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1128/CMR.7.4.419 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4c8cce07-4076-48be-9a8e-3b84ed71c237.yaml identifier: 4c8cce07-4076-48be-9a8e-3b84ed71c237 uri: /reference/4c8cce07-4076-48be-9a8e-3b84ed71c237 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Zoraster, Richard M.' DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x00007718 ISSN: 1945-1938 Issue: 01 Journal: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Pages: 74-78 Title: 'Vulnerable populations: Hurricane Katrina as a case study' Volume: 25 Year: 2010 _chapter: Ch9 _record_number: 17894 _uuid: 4ca41ec8-3947-4b36-8a89-79f51e1d7989 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/s1049023x00007718 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4ca41ec8-3947-4b36-8a89-79f51e1d7989.yaml identifier: 4ca41ec8-3947-4b36-8a89-79f51e1d7989 uri: /reference/4ca41ec8-3947-4b36-8a89-79f51e1d7989 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: GAO Date Published: September ISBN: GAO-08-944 Pages: 79 Publisher: U.S. Government Accountability Office Title: 'Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: EPA Needs More Information and a Clearly Defined Strategy to Protect Air and Water Quality from Pollutants of Concern' URL: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08944.pdf Year: 2008 _record_number: 18422 _uuid: 4d29cef0-3586-4cde-8719-dda7eb64a868 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/gao-08-944 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4d29cef0-3586-4cde-8719-dda7eb64a868.yaml identifier: 4d29cef0-3586-4cde-8719-dda7eb64a868 uri: /reference/4d29cef0-3586-4cde-8719-dda7eb64a868 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Reeves, Will K.; Rowe, Natasha M.; Kugblenu, Richard K.; Magnuson, Cheryl L.' ISSN: 2152-8217 Journal: 'MSMR: Medical Surveillance Monthly Report' PMID: 25996171 Pages: 9-10 Title: 'Case Series: Chikungunya and dengue at a forward operating location' URL: http://www.afhsc.mil/documents/pubs/msmrs/2015/v22_n05.pdf#Page=9 Volume: 22 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19257 _uuid: 4d419e38-6ff0-4eb4-be2c-86f114dedade reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/pmid-25996171 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4d419e38-6ff0-4eb4-be2c-86f114dedade.yaml identifier: 4d419e38-6ff0-4eb4-be2c-86f114dedade uri: /reference/4d419e38-6ff0-4eb4-be2c-86f114dedade - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Lipp, Erin K.; Kurz, Raymond; Vincent, Robert; Rodriguez-Palacios, Cesar; Farrah, Samuel R.; Rose, Joan B.' DOI: 10.2307/1352950 ISSN: 0160-8347 Issue: 2 Journal: Estuaries Notes: 'Ch5,6' Pages: 266-276 Title: The effects of seasonal variability and weather on microbial fecal pollution and enteric pathogens in a subtropical estuary Volume: 24 Year: 2001 _chapter: 'Ch5,6' _record_number: 16483 _uuid: 4e9ca30b-ed1c-4907-a8c0-609cbe6ece29 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2307/1352950 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4e9ca30b-ed1c-4907-a8c0-609cbe6ece29.yaml identifier: 4e9ca30b-ed1c-4907-a8c0-609cbe6ece29 uri: /reference/4e9ca30b-ed1c-4907-a8c0-609cbe6ece29 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: Statistical relationships between ground-level daily maximum 8-h ozone (O3) concentrations and multiple meteorological parameters were developed for data drawn from ambient measurements and values that were simulated with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. This study used concurrent and co-located data from both sources during the O3 season (May 1-September 30) for a four-year period (2002-2005). Regression models were developed for 74 areas across the Eastern U.S. The most important meteorological parameters used in the model were found to be daily maximum temperature and the daily average relative humidity (RH). Average morning and afternoon wind speed as well as factors for the day of the week and years were also included in the statistical models. R2 values above 60% were obtained for the majority of the locations in the analysis for both the ambient and CMAQ statistical models. Analysis of the covariate-specific effects revealed a tendency for the CMAQ model to underestimate how O3 increases with temperature. These results suggest that air quality forecasts that incorporate the CMAQ model may be underestimating the climate penalty on future O3 concentrations from warmer temperatures. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. Author: 'Davis, Jerry; Cox, William; Reff, Adam; Dolwick, Pat' DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.060 ISSN: 0004-6981 Issue: 20 Journal: Atmospheric Environment Keywords: CMAQ; Ozone; Statistical models Pages: 3481-3487 Title: A comparison of CMAQ-based and observation-based statistical models relating ozone to meteorological parameters Volume: 45 Year: 2011 _record_number: 18885 _uuid: 4ed6a6c7-6ce4-4cde-9624-44a165202b77 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.060 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4ed6a6c7-6ce4-4cde-9624-44a165202b77.yaml identifier: 4ed6a6c7-6ce4-4cde-9624-44a165202b77 uri: /reference/4ed6a6c7-6ce4-4cde-9624-44a165202b77 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Richardson, L.A.\rChamp, P.A.\rLoomis, J.B." DOI: 10.1016/j.jfe.2011.05.002 ISSN: 1104-6899 Issue: 1 Journal: Journal of Forest Economics Pages: 14-35 Title: 'The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California' Volume: 18 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 2630 _uuid: 4ee18e43-0d8d-4276-ad51-b87db1d8b7bc reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jfe.2011.05.002 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4ee18e43-0d8d-4276-ad51-b87db1d8b7bc.yaml identifier: 4ee18e43-0d8d-4276-ad51-b87db1d8b7bc uri: /reference/4ee18e43-0d8d-4276-ad51-b87db1d8b7bc - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Kuenzi, Amy J.; Morrison, Michael L.; Madhav, Nita K.; Mills, James N.' DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.4.675 ISSN: 0090-3558 Issue: 4 Journal: Journal of Wildlife Diseases Pages: 675-683 Title: 'Brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) population dynamics and hantavirus infection during a warm, drought period in southern Arizona' Volume: 43 Year: 2007 _chapter: Ch7 _record_number: 16317 _uuid: 4f18488f-9d6a-475e-bc59-d46ead7dbfe7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.7589/0090-3558-43.4.675 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4f18488f-9d6a-475e-bc59-d46ead7dbfe7.yaml identifier: 4f18488f-9d6a-475e-bc59-d46ead7dbfe7 uri: /reference/4f18488f-9d6a-475e-bc59-d46ead7dbfe7 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Karl, Thomas R.; Knight, Richard W.' DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1107:tchwhl>2.0.co;2 ISSN: 1520-0477 Issue: 6 Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pages: 1107-1119 Title: 'The 1995 Chicago heat wave: How likely is a recurrence?' Volume: 78 Year: 1997 _record_number: 18845 _uuid: 4f9edf45-db7c-4e87-b1ab-af8856388760 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078%3C1107:tchwhl%3E2.0.co;2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4f9edf45-db7c-4e87-b1ab-af8856388760.yaml identifier: 4f9edf45-db7c-4e87-b1ab-af8856388760 uri: /reference/4f9edf45-db7c-4e87-b1ab-af8856388760 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Bharti, Ajay R.; Nally, Jarlath E.; Ricaldi, Jessica N.; Matthias, Michael A.; Diaz, Monica M.; Lovett, Michael A.; Levett, Paul N.; Gilman, Robert H.; Willig, Michael R.; Gotuzzo, Eduardo; Vinetz, Joseph M.' DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00830-2 ISSN: 1473-3099 Issue: 12 Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Pages: 757-771 Title: 'Leptospirosis: A zoonotic disease of global importance' Volume: 3 Year: 2003 _record_number: 19031 _uuid: 4fbf063a-99b4-4195-9076-9145b88a345c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00830-2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4fbf063a-99b4-4195-9076-9145b88a345c.yaml identifier: 4fbf063a-99b4-4195-9076-9145b88a345c uri: /reference/4fbf063a-99b4-4195-9076-9145b88a345c - attrs: .publisher: Springer Netherlands .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Smith, Adam B.; Katz, Richard W.' DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5 Date: 2013/06/01 ISSN: 1573-0840 Issue: 2 Journal: Natural Hazards Keywords: Natural disasters; Losses; Statistics of extreme events; Data sources Language: English Pages: 387-410 Title: 'US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: Data sources, trends, accuracy and biases' Volume: 67 Year: 2013 _record_number: 19063 _uuid: 4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4.yaml identifier: 4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4 uri: /reference/4fe32146-a968-4dde-8a2b-df2aa2eabdd4 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: During the 2002 West Nile virus epidemic in the United States, patients were identified whose West Nile virus illness was temporally associated with the receipt of transfused blood and blood components. METHODS: Patients with laboratory evidence of recent West Nile virus infection within four weeks after receipt of a blood component from a donor with viremia were considered to have a confirmed transfusion-related infection. We interviewed the donors of these components, asking them whether they had had symptoms compatible with the presence of a viral illness before or after their donation; blood specimens retained from the time of donation and collected at follow-up were tested for West Nile virus. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were confirmed to have acquired West Nile virus through transfused leukoreduced and nonleukoreduced red cells, platelets, or fresh-frozen plasma. Of the 23 recipients, 10 (43 percent) were immunocompromised owing to transplantation or cancer and 8 (35 percent) were at least 70 years of age. Immunocompromised recipients tended to have longer incubation periods than nonimmunocompromised recipients and infected persons in mosquito-borne community outbreaks. Sixteen donors with evidence of viremia at donation were linked to the 23 infected recipients; of these donors, 9 reported viral symptoms before or after donation, 5 were asymptomatic, and 2 were lost to follow-up. Fever, new rash, and painful eyes were independently associated with being an implicated donor with viremia rather than a donor without viremia. All 16 donors were negative for West Nile virus-specific IgM antibody at donation. CONCLUSIONS: Transfused red cells, platelets, and fresh-frozen plasma can transmit West Nile virus. Screening of potential donors with the use of nucleic acid-based assays for West Nile virus may reduce this risk.' Author: 'Pealer, L. N.; Marfin, A. A.; Petersen, L. R.; Lanciotti, R. S.; Page, P. L.; Stramer, S. L.; Stobierski, M. G.; Signs, K.; Newman, B.; Kapoor, H.; Goodman, J. L.; Chamberland, M. E.' DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa030969 Date: Sep 25 ISSN: 1533-4406 Issue: 13 Journal: New England Journal of Medicine Keywords: 'Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Donors; Blood Transfusion/*adverse effects; Blood-Borne Pathogens/*isolation & purification; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; RNA, Viral/blood; United States/epidemiology; Viremia/diagnosis; West Nile Fever/diagnosis/epidemiology/*transmission; West Nile virus/genetics/*isolation & purification' Notes: 'Pealer, Lisa N Marfin, Anthony A Petersen, Lyle R Lanciotti, Robert S Page, Peter L Stramer, Susan L Stobierski, Mary Grace Signs, Kimberly Newman, Bruce Kapoor, Hema Goodman, Jesse L Chamberland, Mary E eng 2003/09/23 05:00 N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 25;349(13):1236-45. Epub 2003 Sep 18.' Pages: 1236-1245 Title: Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002 Volume: 349 Year: 2003 _record_number: 18019 _uuid: 5033e5b6-ca03-448b-9b96-ada0ed7bdaef reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1056/NEJMoa030969 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5033e5b6-ca03-448b-9b96-ada0ed7bdaef.yaml identifier: 5033e5b6-ca03-448b-9b96-ada0ed7bdaef uri: /reference/5033e5b6-ca03-448b-9b96-ada0ed7bdaef - attrs: .reference_type: 48 Author: EPA Place Published: 'Research Triangle Park, North Carolina' Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Title: Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program--Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) URL: http://www2.epa.gov/benmap Volume: 2014 Year: 2014 _record_number: 18809 _uuid: 50487056-4ce5-4577-add4-80ee45e9045e reftype: Online Multimedia child_publication: /generic/0160ca88-3f44-45e8-a35a-b74678c20774 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/50487056-4ce5-4577-add4-80ee45e9045e.yaml identifier: 50487056-4ce5-4577-add4-80ee45e9045e uri: /reference/50487056-4ce5-4577-add4-80ee45e9045e - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Judd, Nancy L.; Drew, Christina H.; Acharya, Chetana; Marine Resources for Future Generations,; Mitchell, Todd A.; Donatuto, Jamie L.; Burns, Gary W.; Burbacher, Thomas M.; Faustman, Elaine M.' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7655 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 11 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 1502-1508 Title: 'Framing scientific analyses for risk management of environmental hazards by communities: Case studies with seafood safety issues' Volume: 113 Year: 2005 _record_number: 17057 _uuid: 507af3c3-f7e0-4622-be46-4f0fcdd2259e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.7655 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/507af3c3-f7e0-4622-be46-4f0fcdd2259e.yaml identifier: 507af3c3-f7e0-4622-be46-4f0fcdd2259e uri: /reference/507af3c3-f7e0-4622-be46-4f0fcdd2259e - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Jaykus, L.; Woolridge, M.; Frank, J.M.; Miraglia, M.; McQuatters-Gollop, A.; Tirado, C.; Clarke, R.; Friel, M.' Pages: 49 Publisher: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations Title: 'Climate Change: Implications for Food Safety' URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/i0195e/i0195e00.HTM Year: 2008 _record_number: 18306 _uuid: 50937eef-3097-4218-9400-7c76ad245f4a reftype: Report child_publication: /report/climate-change-implications-food-safety href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/50937eef-3097-4218-9400-7c76ad245f4a.yaml identifier: 50937eef-3097-4218-9400-7c76ad245f4a uri: /reference/50937eef-3097-4218-9400-7c76ad245f4a - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Background The global increase in surface temperature (known as global warming) was found to impact on mortality through ill health, particularly among the elderly and in summer. This study sets out to explore the impact of global warming on suicide mortality, using data from Italy. Methods Monthly data on suicide mortality and temperature were obtained for a 30-year period (from January 1974 to December 2003), and the relation between them was investigated using the Gaussian low-pass filter, linear correlation analysis and rank analysis. Results For males, increasing anomalies in monthly average temperatures associated to a higher monthly suicide mean from May to August and, to a lower extent, in November and December. In January, on the other hand, increasing anomalies in monthly average temperatures appeared to be coupled to a lower number of suicides. For females, the links between temperature and suicides are less consistent than for males, and sometimes have a reverse sign, too. Limitations Data could not be analyzed according to age, since this information was not available across the whole time interval. The use of monthly data, instead of daily data (unavailable), is another major limitation of this study. Conclusions An improvement in the ability of communities to adjust to temperature changes by implementing public health interventions may play an important part in preserving the wellness of the general population, and also in limiting the worst consequences of suicidal behaviour.' Author: 'Preti, A.; Lentini, G.; Maugeri, M.' DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.12.003 Date: 9// ISSN: 0165-0327 Issue: 1-3 Journal: Journal of Affective Disorders Keywords: Suicide; Global warming; Risk factors; Sex/gender; Public health Pages: 19-25 Title: 'Global warming possibly linked to an enhanced risk of suicide: Data from Italy, 1974–2003' Volume: 102 Year: 2007 _record_number: 18159 _uuid: 50de3b2a-ecc9-4cc9-b21b-9f7c8a8f6608 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jad.2006.12.003 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/50de3b2a-ecc9-4cc9-b21b-9f7c8a8f6608.yaml identifier: 50de3b2a-ecc9-4cc9-b21b-9f7c8a8f6608 uri: /reference/50de3b2a-ecc9-4cc9-b21b-9f7c8a8f6608 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Levi, Taal; Keesing, Felicia; Oggenfuss, Kelly; Ostfeld, Richard S.' DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0556 ISSN: 1471-2970 Issue: 1665 Journal: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences' Title: Accelerated phenology of blacklegged ticks under climate warming Volume: 370 Year: 2015 _record_number: 19106 _uuid: 514a2503-fc83-4e60-81d1-04421ff8ebc2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1098/rstb.2013.0556 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/514a2503-fc83-4e60-81d1-04421ff8ebc2.yaml identifier: 514a2503-fc83-4e60-81d1-04421ff8ebc2 uri: /reference/514a2503-fc83-4e60-81d1-04421ff8ebc2 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Xiong, Xu; Harville, Emily W.; Buekens, Pierre; Mattison, Donald R.; Elkind-Hirsch, Karen; Pridjian, Gabriell' DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318180f21c ISSN: 1538-2990 Issue: 2 Journal: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences Pages: 111-115 Title: 'Exposure to Hurricane Katrina, post-traumatic stress disorder and birth outcomes' Volume: 336 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 4220 _uuid: 515b09d9-e540-4cc5-ab3a-16fbd1d1d52d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318180f21c href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/515b09d9-e540-4cc5-ab3a-16fbd1d1d52d.yaml identifier: 515b09d9-e540-4cc5-ab3a-16fbd1d1d52d uri: /reference/515b09d9-e540-4cc5-ab3a-16fbd1d1d52d - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Sauer, Elizabeth P.\rVandeWalle, Jessica L.\rBootsma, Melinda J.\rMcLellan, Sandra L." DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.049 Date: Aug ISSN: 0043-1354 Issue: 14 Journal: Water Research Pages: 4081-4091 Title: Detection of the human specific Bacteroides genetic marker provides evidence of widespread sewage contamination of stormwater in the urban environment URL: http://v3.mmsd.com/AssetsClient/Documents/waterqualityresearch/Human_Specific_Bacteroides.pdf Volume: 45 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 2753 _uuid: 519d14d6-d85f-4b71-b1db-d8fad21e6c00 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.049 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/519d14d6-d85f-4b71-b1db-d8fad21e6c00.yaml identifier: 519d14d6-d85f-4b71-b1db-d8fad21e6c00 uri: /reference/519d14d6-d85f-4b71-b1db-d8fad21e6c00 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Hennessy, Thomas W.; Ritter, Troy; Holman, Robert C.; Bruden, Dana L.; Yorita, Krista L.; Bulkow, Lisa; Cheek, James E.; Singleton, Rosalyn J.; Smith, Jeff' DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2007.115618 ISSN: 1541-0048 Issue: 11 Journal: American Journal of Public Health Pages: 2072-2078 Title: 'The relationship between in-home water service and the risk of respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections among rural Alaska natives' Volume: 98 Year: 2008 _chapter: Ch9 _record_number: 17853 _uuid: 51abc80c-0f8d-440d-9203-9424e6028fcb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2105/ajph.2007.115618 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/51abc80c-0f8d-440d-9203-9424e6028fcb.yaml identifier: 51abc80c-0f8d-440d-9203-9424e6028fcb uri: /reference/51abc80c-0f8d-440d-9203-9424e6028fcb - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Ralston, Erin P.; Kite-Powell, Hauke; Beet, Andrew' DOI: 10.2166/wh.2011.157 ISSN: 1477-8920 Issue: 4 Journal: Journal of Water and Health Pages: 680-694 Title: 'An estimate of the cost of acute health effects from food- and water-borne marine pathogens and toxins in the USA' Volume: 9 Year: 2011 _record_number: 17330 _uuid: 51bc4d1e-ade7-49a4-a3d2-4579c6aacb7d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2166/wh.2011.157 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/51bc4d1e-ade7-49a4-a3d2-4579c6aacb7d.yaml identifier: 51bc4d1e-ade7-49a4-a3d2-4579c6aacb7d uri: /reference/51bc4d1e-ade7-49a4-a3d2-4579c6aacb7d - attrs: .publisher: 'John Wiley & Sons, Inc.' .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Reser, Joseph P.; Bradley, Graham L.; Ellul, Michelle C.' DOI: 10.1002/wcc.286 ISSN: 1757-7799 Issue: 4 Journal: 'Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change' Pages: 521-537 Title: 'Encountering climate change: ‘Seeing’ is more than ‘believing’' Volume: 5 Year: 2014 _record_number: 18167 _uuid: 52834dde-d964-40a2-acc5-b133457e4cc9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/wcc.286 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52834dde-d964-40a2-acc5-b133457e4cc9.yaml identifier: 52834dde-d964-40a2-acc5-b133457e4cc9 uri: /reference/52834dde-d964-40a2-acc5-b133457e4cc9 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: "BACKGROUND: Projections of health risks of climate change are surrounded with uncertainties in knowledge. Understanding of these uncertainties will help the selection of appropriate adaptation policies. METHODS: We made an inventory of conceivable health impacts of climate change, explored the type and level of uncertainty for each impact, and discussed its implications for adaptation policy. A questionnaire-based expert elicitation was performed using an ordinal scoring scale. Experts were asked to indicate the level of precision with which health risks can be estimated, given the present state of knowledge. We assessed the individual scores, the expertise-weighted descriptive statistics, and the argumentation given for each score. Suggestions were made for how dealing with uncertainties could be taken into account in climate change adaptation policy strategies. RESULTS: The results showed that the direction of change could be indicated for most anticipated health effects. For several potential effects, too little knowledge exists to indicate whether any impact will occur, or whether the impact will be positive or negative. For several effects, rough 'order-of-magnitude' estimates were considered possible. Factors limiting health impact quantification include: lack of data, multi-causality, unknown impacts considering a high-quality health system, complex cause-effect relations leading to multi-directional impacts, possible changes of present-day response-relations, and difficulties in predicting local climate impacts. Participants considered heat-related mortality and non-endemic vector-borne diseases particularly relevant for climate change adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: For possible climate related health impacts characterised by ignorance, adaptation policies that focus on enhancing the health system's and society's capability of dealing with possible future changes, uncertainties and surprises (e.g. through resilience, flexibility, and adaptive capacity) are most appropriate. For climate related health effects for which rough risk estimates are available, 'robust decision-making' is recommended. For health effects with limited societal and policy relevance, we recommend focusing on no-regret measures. For highly relevant health effects, precautionary measures can be considered. This study indicated that analysing and characterising uncertainty by means of a typology can be a very useful approach for selection and prioritization of preferred adaptation policies to reduce future climate related health risks." Author: 'Wardekker, J. A.; de Jong, A.; van Bree, L.; Turkenburg, W. C.; van der Sluijs, J. P.' DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-67 ISSN: 1476-069X Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Health Keywords: Air Pollution; Animals; Climate Change; Disease Vectors; Expert Testimony; Floods; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Netherlands; Questionnaires; Risk Assessment; Temperature; Ultraviolet Rays; Uncertainty Language: eng Notes: "Wardekker, J Arjan de Jong, Arie van Bree, Leendert Turkenburg, Wim C van der Sluijs, Jeroen P Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England Environ Health. 2012 Sep 19;11:67. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-67." Pages: Article 67 Title: 'Health risks of climate change: An assessment of uncertainties and its implications for adaptation policies' Volume: 11 Year: 2012 _record_number: 5354 _uuid: 528662df-c7b5-4ec1-b45f-a8cef52d90df reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/1476-069x-11-67 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/528662df-c7b5-4ec1-b45f-a8cef52d90df.yaml identifier: 528662df-c7b5-4ec1-b45f-a8cef52d90df uri: /reference/528662df-c7b5-4ec1-b45f-a8cef52d90df - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Bastian, R.; Murray, D.' ISBN: EPA/600/R-12/618 Pages: 643 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Publisher: U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Title: 2012 Guidelines for Water Reuse URL: http://nepis.epa.gov/Adobe/PDF/P100FS7K.pdf Year: 2012 _record_number: 19289 _uuid: 52babad5-5837-4b62-9632-c6e4159290c9 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-600-r-12-618 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52babad5-5837-4b62-9632-c6e4159290c9.yaml identifier: 52babad5-5837-4b62-9632-c6e4159290c9 uri: /reference/52babad5-5837-4b62-9632-c6e4159290c9