---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Stein, Alexander J.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s11104-009-0228-2
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Plant and Soil
    Pages: 133-154
    Title: Global impacts of human mineral malnutrition
    Volume: 335
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 16213
    _uuid: 52ca294b-6284-454f-94d0-ef0850acb178
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11104-009-0228-2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52ca294b-6284-454f-94d0-ef0850acb178.yaml
  identifier: 52ca294b-6284-454f-94d0-ef0850acb178
  uri: /reference/52ca294b-6284-454f-94d0-ef0850acb178
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Jonsson, C. B.; Figueiredo, L. T. M.; Vapalahti, O.'
    DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00062-09
    ISSN: 1098-6618
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    Pages: 412-441
    Title: 'A global perspective on hantavirus ecology, epidemiology, and disease'
    Volume: 23
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: Ch3
    _record_number: 16117
    _uuid: 52d7b266-3121-4ef8-80be-2a26a10a31a5
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1128/cmr.00062-09
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52d7b266-3121-4ef8-80be-2a26a10a31a5.yaml
  identifier: 52d7b266-3121-4ef8-80be-2a26a10a31a5
  uri: /reference/52d7b266-3121-4ef8-80be-2a26a10a31a5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Epstein, P. R.; Defilippo, C.'
    DOI: 10.1023/a:1015089901425
    ISSN: 1389-5702
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Global Change and Human Health
    Pages: 105-107
    Title: West Nile virus and drought
    Volume: 2
    Year: 2001
    _chapter: Ch7
    _record_number: 17774
    _uuid: 52d82168-d4c8-41b0-a318-501dcefb5ff8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1023/a:1015089901425
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52d82168-d4c8-41b0-a318-501dcefb5ff8.yaml
  identifier: 52d82168-d4c8-41b0-a318-501dcefb5ff8
  uri: /reference/52d82168-d4c8-41b0-a318-501dcefb5ff8
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "Changes in climate and emissions will affect future air quality. In this work, simulations of regional air quality during current (2001–2005) and future (2026–2030) winter and summer are conducted with the newly released CMAQ version 5.0 to examine the impacts of simulated future climate and anthropogenic emission projections on air quality over the U.S. Current meteorological and chemical predictions are evaluated against observations to assess the model's capability in reproducing the seasonal differences. WRF and CMAQ capture the overall observational spatial patterns and seasonal differences. Biases in model predictions are attributed to uncertainties in emissions, boundary conditions, and limitations in model physical and chemical treatments as well as the use of a coarse grid resolution. Increased temperatures (up to 3.18 °C) and decreased ventilation (up to 157 m in planetary boundary layer height) are found in both future winter and summer, with more prominent changes in winter. Increases in future temperatures result in increased isoprene and terpene emissions in winter and summer, driving the increase in maximum 8-h average O3 (up to 5.0 ppb) over the eastern U.S. in winter while decreases in NOx emissions drive the decrease in O3 over most of the U.S. in summer. Future PM2.5 concentrations in winter and summer and many of its components decrease due to decreases in primary anthropogenic emissions and the concentrations of secondary anthropogenic pollutants as well as increased precipitation in winter. Future winter and summer dry and wet deposition fluxes are spatially variable and increase with decreasing surface resistance and precipitation, respectively. They decrease with a decrease in ambient particulate concentrations. Anthropogenic emissions play a more important role in summer than in winter for future O3 and PM2.5 levels, with a dominance of the effects of significant emission reductions over those of climate change on future PM2.5 levels."
    Author: 'Penrod, Ashley; Zhang, Yang; Wang, Kai; Wu, Shiang-Yuh; Leung, L. Ruby'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.001
    ISSN: 0004-6981
    Journal: Atmospheric Environment
    Keywords: Air quality; CMAQ; Emissions; Future climate change; Model evaluation; WRF
    Pages: 533-547
    Title: Impacts of future climate and emission changes on U.S. air quality
    Volume: 89
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 18911
    _uuid: 52e393f5-5b43-494d-bf74-90e51182239a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.001
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52e393f5-5b43-494d-bf74-90e51182239a.yaml
  identifier: 52e393f5-5b43-494d-bf74-90e51182239a
  uri: /reference/52e393f5-5b43-494d-bf74-90e51182239a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Oscar, T.P.'
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Food Protection
    Pages: 304-314
    Title: Predictive model for survival and growth of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 on chicken skin during temperature abuse
    Volume: 72
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17964
    _uuid: 52f886d2-7776-4bc1-91ad-2cc1027923ee
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmc19358364
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/52f886d2-7776-4bc1-91ad-2cc1027923ee.yaml
  identifier: 52f886d2-7776-4bc1-91ad-2cc1027923ee
  uri: /reference/52f886d2-7776-4bc1-91ad-2cc1027923ee
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "During a 1999 heat wave in Cincinnati, Ohio, the Hamilton County Coroner reported 18 heat-related deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Cincinnati Department of Health conducted a case-control study using surrogate case information and first-person control information to identify risk factors for mortality during the heat wave. Surrogate data were supplemented by systematic death scene investigation reports and comprehensive toxicologic screens, important sources of data that are routinely collected by the Hamilton County Coroner's Office. The study included 17 case subjects and 34 controls from the decedents' neighborhood. Among 17 case subjects, 8 (47.1%) had mental illness (odds ratio [OR], 14.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-633). There was a suggestion of an interaction between age and mental health. A working air-conditioner was the strongest protective factor (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0-0.2). Toxicologic screening indicated that case subjects with reported mental illness and a prescription for psychotropic drugs may not have been medication compliant. Three decedents lived in group homes for people with mental illness, indicating that opportunities for prevention may have been missed. Systematic death investigations, including toxicologic screening, provide valuable information about the circumstances of heat-related death, particularly the role of medication compliance as a risk factor. Prevention programs during heat waves should target people with mental illness, especially those who take psychotropic medication."
    Author: 'Kaiser, R.; Rubin, C. H.; Henderson, A. K.; Wolfe, M. I.; Kieszak, S.; Parrott, C. L.; Adcock, M.'
    Date: Sep
    Issue: 3
    Journal: The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
    Keywords: 'Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Disasters; Female; Fever/complications/*mortality/prevention & control; Forensic Medicine; *Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders/*complications; Middle Aged; Ohio/epidemiology; Risk Factors'
    Language: eng
    Notes: 'Kaiser, R Rubin, C H Henderson, A K Wolfe, M I Kieszak, S Parrott, C L Adcock, M Journal Article United States Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2001 Sep;22(3):303-7.'
    Pages: 303-307
    Title: Heat-related death and mental illness during the 1999 Cincinnati heat wave
    Volume: 22
    Year: 2001
    _record_number: 18107
    _uuid: 5318bce6-94db-450e-a219-b6505ce4838c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-11563746
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5318bce6-94db-450e-a219-b6505ce4838c.yaml
  identifier: 5318bce6-94db-450e-a219-b6505ce4838c
  uri: /reference/5318bce6-94db-450e-a219-b6505ce4838c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Skinner, Mark W.; Yantzi, Nicole M.; Rosenberg, Mark W.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.022
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Social Science & Medicine
    Pages: 682-688
    Title: 'Neither rain nor hail nor sleet nor snow: Provider perspectives on the challenges of weather for home and community care'
    Volume: 68
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: Ch7
    _record_number: 17803
    _uuid: 53acdf32-e868-45b1-a669-83c0fa419f53
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.022
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/53acdf32-e868-45b1-a669-83c0fa419f53.yaml
  identifier: 53acdf32-e868-45b1-a669-83c0fa419f53
  uri: /reference/53acdf32-e868-45b1-a669-83c0fa419f53
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Hinder, Stephanie L.; Hays, Graeme C.; Edwards, Martin; Roberts, Emily C.; Walne, Anthony W.; Gravenor, Mike B.'
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1388
    ISSN: 1758-6798
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Nature Climate Change
    Pages: 271-275
    Title: Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change
    Volume: 2
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 16978
    _uuid: 53b14ce5-171a-421d-a3fe-e00f5807e3bf
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate1388
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/53b14ce5-171a-421d-a3fe-e00f5807e3bf.yaml
  identifier: 53b14ce5-171a-421d-a3fe-e00f5807e3bf
  uri: /reference/53b14ce5-171a-421d-a3fe-e00f5807e3bf
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Naughton, M. B.; Henderson, Alden; Mirabelli, Maria C.; Kaiser, Reinhard; Wilhelm, John L.; Kieszak, Stephanie M.; Rubin, Carol H.; McGeehin, Michael A.'
    DOI: 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00421-X
    ISSN: 0749-3797
    Issue: 4
    Journal: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    Pages: 221-227
    Title: Heat-related mortality during a 1999 heat wave in Chicago
    Volume: 22
    Year: 2002
    _record_number: 19220
    _uuid: 53b9906c-e4bf-4190-8ce7-73022280cba6
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00421-X
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/53b9906c-e4bf-4190-8ce7-73022280cba6.yaml
  identifier: 53b9906c-e4bf-4190-8ce7-73022280cba6
  uri: /reference/53b9906c-e4bf-4190-8ce7-73022280cba6
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'The current study is designed to increase knowledge of the effects of relocation and its association with longer-term psychological symptoms following disaster. Following clinical observations and in discussions held with school officials expressing concerns about relocated students, it was hypothesized that students who relocated to a different city following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 would have more symptoms of posttraumatic stress compared to students who returned to New Orleans. The effect of Hurricane Katrina relocation was assessed on a sample of child and adolescent survivors in 5th through 12th grades (N = 795). Students with Orleans Parish zip codes prior to Hurricane Katrina were categorized into relocation groupings: (a) relocated to Baton Rouge, (b) returned to prior zip code, and (c) moved to a different zip code within Orleans Parish. Overall results revealed more trauma symptoms for relocated students. Results also revealed that younger relocated students had fewer symptoms compared to older students. The opposite was found for students who returned to their same zip code, with older students having fewer symptoms. This study supports the need for school-based services not only in disaster areas, but also in schools where survivors tend to migrate.'
    Author: 'Hansel, T. C.; Osofsky, J. D.; Osofsky, H. J.; Friedrich, P.'
    DOI: 10.1002/jts.21837
    Date: Oct
    ISSN: 1573-6598
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of Traumatic Stress
    Keywords: 'Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; *Cyclonic Storms; Disaster Victims/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; New Orleans; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*etiology; Stress, Psychological/etiology; Survivors/*psychology; Time Factors'
    Language: eng
    Notes: '1573-6598 Hansel, Tonya C Osofsky, Joy D Osofsky, Howard J Friedrich, Patricia Journal Article United States J Trauma Stress. 2013 Oct;26(5):613-20. doi: 10.1002/jts.21837. Epub 2013 Sep 24.'
    Pages: 613-620
    Title: The effect of long-term relocation on child and adolescent survivors of Hurricane Katrina
    Volume: 26
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18096
    _uuid: 54772d69-32f6-41ed-bd4d-ab64b060b67c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/jts.21837
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/54772d69-32f6-41ed-bd4d-ab64b060b67c.yaml
  identifier: 54772d69-32f6-41ed-bd4d-ab64b060b67c
  uri: /reference/54772d69-32f6-41ed-bd4d-ab64b060b67c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'In order to examine the impacts of both large-scale and small-scale climate changes (urban climate effect) on the development of plants, long-term observations of four spring phenophases from ten central European regions (Hamburg, Berlin, Cologne, Frankfurt, Munich, Prague, Vienna, Zurich, Basle and Chur) were analysed. The objective of this study was to identify and compare the differences in the starting dates of the pre-spring phenophases, the beginning of flowering of the snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) and forsythia (Forsythia sp.), and of the full-spring phenophases, the beginning of flowering of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium) and apple (Malus domestica), in urban and rural areas. The results indicate that, despite regional differences, in nearly all cases the species studied flower earlier in urbanised areas than in the corresponding rural areas. The forcing in urban areas was about 4 days for the pre-spring phenophases and about 2 days for the full-spring phenophases. The analysis of trends for the period from 1951 to 1995 showed tendencies towards an earlier flowering in all regions, but only 22% were significant at the 5% level. The trends for the period from 1980 to 1995 were much stronger for all regions and phases: the pre-spring phenophases on average became earlier by 13.9 days/decade in the urban areas and 15.3 days/decade in the rural areas, while the full-spring phenophases were 6.7 days earlier/decade in the urban areas and 9.1 days/decade earlier in the rural areas. Thus rural areas showed a higher trend towards an earlier flowering than did urban areas for the period from 1980 to 1995. However, these trends, especially for the pre-spring phenophases, turned out to be extremely variable.'
    Author: 'Roetzer, T.; Wittenzeller, M.; Haeckel, H.; Nekovar, J.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s004840000062
    Date: Aug
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Issue: 2
    Journal: International Journal of Biometeorology
    Keywords: '*Climate; Environmental Monitoring; Europe; Galanthus; Humans; *Plant Development; Retrospective Studies; Rural Population; Urban Population'
    Language: eng
    Notes: 'Roetzer, T Wittenzeller, M Haeckel, H Nekovar, J Journal Article United states Int J Biometeorol. 2000 Aug;44(2):60-6.'
    Pages: 60-66
    Title: 'Phenology in central Europe: Differences and trends of spring phenophases in urban and rural areas'
    Volume: 44
    Year: 2000
    _record_number: 18544
    _uuid: 5486a67f-3f12-4126-86b6-cc202cc72472
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s004840000062
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5486a67f-3f12-4126-86b6-cc202cc72472.yaml
  identifier: 5486a67f-3f12-4126-86b6-cc202cc72472
  uri: /reference/5486a67f-3f12-4126-86b6-cc202cc72472
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Fann, Neal; Nolte, Christopher G.; Dolwick, Patrick; Spero, Tanya L.; Curry Brown, Amanda; Phillips, Sharon; Anenberg, Susan'
    DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.996270
    ISSN: 2162-2906
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
    Pages: 570-580
    Title: The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030
    Volume: 65
    Year: 2015
    _chapter: Ch3
    _record_number: 16106
    _uuid: 54a66159-1675-43bb-b5d3-a9b7f283e4de
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1080/10962247.2014.996270
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/54a66159-1675-43bb-b5d3-a9b7f283e4de.yaml
  identifier: 54a66159-1675-43bb-b5d3-a9b7f283e4de
  uri: /reference/54a66159-1675-43bb-b5d3-a9b7f283e4de
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Olds, Brett P.; Peterson, Brian C.; Koupal, Keith D.; Farnsworth-Hoback, Kerri M.; Schoenebeck, Casey W.; Hoback, W. Wyatt'
    DOI: 10.1080/07438141.2011.601401
    ISSN: 2151-5530
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Lake and Reservoir Management
    Pages: 229-234
    Title: Water quality parameters of a Nebraska reservoir differ between drought and normal conditions
    Volume: 27
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: Ch7
    _record_number: 16331
    _uuid: 54b0ebb2-d56b-4863-b32f-b8722abc2d32
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1080/07438141.2011.601401
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/54b0ebb2-d56b-4863-b32f-b8722abc2d32.yaml
  identifier: 54b0ebb2-d56b-4863-b32f-b8722abc2d32
  uri: /reference/54b0ebb2-d56b-4863-b32f-b8722abc2d32
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: NOAA
    Pages: 66
    Place Published: 'Silver Spring, MD'
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service'
    Title: 'Service Assessment: Hurricane/Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy, October 22–29, 2012'
    URL: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/assessments/pdfs/Sandy13.pdf
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18612
    _uuid: 54b7a268-2389-4bc6-b0c5-543d583c7f68
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/noaa-sandy-2013
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/54b7a268-2389-4bc6-b0c5-543d583c7f68.yaml
  identifier: 54b7a268-2389-4bc6-b0c5-543d583c7f68
  uri: /reference/54b7a268-2389-4bc6-b0c5-543d583c7f68
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Bloomer, Bryan J.; Stehr, Jeffrey W.; Piety, Charles A.; Salawitch, Ross J.; Dickerson, Russell R.'
    DOI: 10.1029/2009gl037308
    ISSN: 1944-8007
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Geophysical Research Letters
    Pages: L09803
    Title: Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions
    Volume: 36
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: Ch3
    _record_number: 16100
    _uuid: 552e0a6a-98c6-4d6c-b7ff-fdcc572fa914
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1029/2009gl037308
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/552e0a6a-98c6-4d6c-b7ff-fdcc572fa914.yaml
  identifier: 552e0a6a-98c6-4d6c-b7ff-fdcc572fa914
  uri: /reference/552e0a6a-98c6-4d6c-b7ff-fdcc572fa914
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "Because human activities impact the timing, location, and degree of pollutant exposure, they play a key role in explaining exposure variation. This fact has motivated the collection of activity pattern data for their specific use in exposure assessments. The largest of these recent efforts is the National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS), a 2-year probability-based telephone survey (n=9386) of exposure-related human activities in the United States (U.S.) sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The primary purpose of NHAPS was to provide comprehensive and current exposure information over broad geographical and temporal scales, particularly for use in probabilistic population exposure models. NHAPS was conducted on a virtually daily basis from late September 1992 through September 1994 by the University of Maryland's Survey Research Center using a computer-assisted telephone interview instrument (CATI) to collect 24-h retrospective diaries and answers to a number of personal and exposure-related questions from each respondent. The resulting diary records contain beginning and ending times for each distinct combination of location and activity occurring on the diary day (i.e., each microenvironment). Between 340 and 1713 respondents of all ages were interviewed in each of the 10 EPA regions across the 48 contiguous states. Interviews were completed in 63% of the households contacted. NHAPS respondents reported spending an average of 87% of their time in enclosed buildings and about 6% of their time in enclosed vehicles. These proportions are fairly constant across the various regions of the U.S. and Canada and for the California population between the late 1980s, when the California Air Resources Board (CARB) sponsored a state-wide activity pattern study, and the mid-1990s, when NHAPS was conducted. However, the number of people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in California seems to have decreased over the same time period, where exposure is determined by the reported time spent with a smoker. In both California and the entire nation, the most time spent exposed to ETS was reported to take place in residential locations."
    Author: 'Klepeis, N. E.; Nelson, W. C.; Ott, W. R.; Robinson, J. P.; Tsang, A. M.; Switzer, P.; Behar, J. V.; Hern, S. C.; Engelmann, W. H.'
    DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500165
    Date: May-Jun
    ISSN: 1053-4245
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology
    Keywords: 'Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; *Data Collection; *Environmental Exposure; *Environmental Pollution; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; *Models, Statistical; Population Surveillance/*methods; *Questionnaires; United States/epidemiology'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "Klepeis, N E Nelson, W C Ott, W R Robinson, J P Tsang, A M Switzer, P Behar, J V Hern, S C Engelmann, W H Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2001 May-Jun;11(3):231-52."
    Pages: 231-252
    Title: 'The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants'
    Volume: 11
    Year: 2001
    _record_number: 18504
    _uuid: 558272eb-342a-4b51-adc6-485a70a24b54
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1038/sj.jea.7500165
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  identifier: 558272eb-342a-4b51-adc6-485a70a24b54
  uri: /reference/558272eb-342a-4b51-adc6-485a70a24b54
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Tamerius, James D.; Wise, Erika K.; Uejio, Christoper K.; McCoy, Amy L.; Comrie, Andrew C.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s00477-007-0142-1
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment
    Pages: 601-613
    Title: 'Climate and human health: Synthesizing environmental complexity and uncertainty'
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 19144
    _uuid: 563512a5-a2c7-474f-9ff8-697cc751b78a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00477-007-0142-1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/563512a5-a2c7-474f-9ff8-697cc751b78a.yaml
  identifier: 563512a5-a2c7-474f-9ff8-697cc751b78a
  uri: /reference/563512a5-a2c7-474f-9ff8-697cc751b78a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 9
    Abstract: 'Since about 1980, asthma prevalence and asthma-related hospitalizations and deaths have increased substantially, especially among children. Of particular concern is the high mortality rate among African Americans with asthma. Recent studies have suggested that indoor exposures--to dust mites, cockroaches, mold, pet dander, tobacco smoke, and other biological and chemical pollutants--may influence the disease course of asthma. To ensure an appropriate response, public health and education officials have sought a science-based assessment of asthma and its relationship to indoor air exposures. Clearing the Air meets this need. This book examines how indoor pollutants contribute to asthma-- its causation, prevalence, triggering, and severity. The committee discusses asthma among the general population and in sensitive subpopulations including children, low-income individuals, and urban residents. Based on the most current findings, the book also evaluates the scientific basis for mitigating the effects of indoor air pollutants implicated in asthma. The committee identifies priorities for public health policy, public education outreach, preventive intervention, and further research.'
    Author: IOM
    ISBN: 978-0-309-06496-5
    Keywords: Environment and Environmental Studies; Health and Medicine
    Language: English
    Number of Pages: 456
    Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.'
    Publisher: Institute of Medicine. The National Academies Press
    Title: 'Clearing the Air: Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures'
    URL: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9610/clearing-the-air-asthma-and-indoor-air-exposures
    Year: 2000
    _chapter: Ch3
    _record_number: 17969
    _uuid: 563f52d2-c385-42c4-912a-21e40be70e75
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: /report/iom-clearingthair-2000
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/563f52d2-c385-42c4-912a-21e40be70e75.yaml
  identifier: 563f52d2-c385-42c4-912a-21e40be70e75
  uri: /reference/563f52d2-c385-42c4-912a-21e40be70e75
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Ren, C.; O'Neill, M. S.; Park, S. K.; Sparrow, D.; Vokonas, P.; Schwartz, J."
    DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq477
    ISSN: 1476-6256
    Issue: 9
    Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
    Pages: 1013-1021
    Title: 'Ambient temperature, air pollution, and heart rate variability in an aging population'
    Volume: 173
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17877
    _uuid: 566c438e-b486-4274-bd08-61e4701bc170
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/kwq477
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/566c438e-b486-4274-bd08-61e4701bc170.yaml
  identifier: 566c438e-b486-4274-bd08-61e4701bc170
  uri: /reference/566c438e-b486-4274-bd08-61e4701bc170
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Markowicz, Pawel; Larsson, Lennart'
    DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3678-x
    ISSN: 1614-7499
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
    Pages: 5772-5779
    Title: Influence of relative humidity on VOC concentrations in indoor air
    Volume: 22
    Year: 2015
    _chapter: Ch3
    _record_number: 17632
    _uuid: 568d2838-1167-4041-bf9d-d83a16b9dd0a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11356-014-3678-x
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/568d2838-1167-4041-bf9d-d83a16b9dd0a.yaml
  identifier: 568d2838-1167-4041-bf9d-d83a16b9dd0a
  uri: /reference/568d2838-1167-4041-bf9d-d83a16b9dd0a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Hurricane Katrina was the most devastating natural disaster to hit the United States in the past 75 years. The authors conducted interviews of 810 persons who were representative of adult residents living in the 23 southernmost counties of Mississippi before Hurricane Katrina. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since Hurricane Katrina was 22.5%. The determinants of PTSD were female gender, experience of hurricane-related financial loss, postdisaster stressors, low social support, and postdisaster traumatic events. Kaplan-Meier survival curves suggest that exposure to both hurricane-related traumatic events and to financial and social stressors influenced the duration of PTSD symptoms. Postdisaster interventions that aim to improve manipulable stressors after these events may influence the onset and course of PTSD.'
    Author: 'Galea, S.; Tracy, M.; Norris, F.; Coffey, S. F.'
    DOI: 10.1002/jts.20355
    Date: Aug
    ISSN: 1573-6598
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Journal of Traumatic Stress
    Keywords: 'Adolescent; Adult; Aged; *Disasters/economics; Female; Financing, Personal; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Mississippi/epidemiology; *Social Support; Stress Disorders,; Post-Traumatic/economics/*epidemiology/etiology/*physiopathology; Survival/*psychology'
    Language: eng
    Notes: '1573-6598 Galea, Sandro Tracy, Melissa Norris, Fran Coffey, Scott F MH 078152/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural United States J Trauma Stress. 2008 Aug;21(4):357-68. doi: 10.1002/jts.20355.'
    Pages: 357-368
    Title: Financial and social circumstances and the incidence and course of PTSD in Mississippi during the first two years after Hurricane Katrina
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 18092
    _uuid: 569a5671-661e-457c-aa75-8a221911ac26
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/jts.20355
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/569a5671-661e-457c-aa75-8a221911ac26.yaml
  identifier: 569a5671-661e-457c-aa75-8a221911ac26
  uri: /reference/569a5671-661e-457c-aa75-8a221911ac26
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Hausfater, Pierre; Megarbane, Bruno; Dautheville, Sandrine; Patzak, Anabella; Andronikof, Marc; Santin, Aline; André, Stéphanie; Korchia, Ludovic; Terbaoui, Nabila; Kierzek, Gérald; Doumenc, Benoît; Leroy, Christophe; Riou, Bruno'
    DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1694-y
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Intensive Care Medicine
    Pages: 272-280
    Title: Prognostic factors in non-exertional heatstroke
    Volume: 36
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 16399
    _uuid: 56b1aa77-4c45-4240-a08f-c0409650273e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00134-009-1694-y
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/56b1aa77-4c45-4240-a08f-c0409650273e.yaml
  identifier: 56b1aa77-4c45-4240-a08f-c0409650273e
  uri: /reference/56b1aa77-4c45-4240-a08f-c0409650273e
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "We examine the relationship between hydrologic variability and the incidence of human disease associated with West Nile virus (WNV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) infection (hereafter termed \"human WN cases\") in Colorado from 2002 to 2007. We find that local hydrologic conditions, as simulated by the Mosaic hydrology model, are associated with differences in human WN cases. In Colorado's eastern plains, wetter spring conditions and drier summer conditions predict human WN cases. In Colorado's western mountains, drier spring and summer conditions weakly predict human WN cases. These findings support two working hypotheses: (1) wet spring conditions increase the abundance of Culex tarsalis vectors in the plains, and (2) dry summer conditions, and respondent irrigational practices during such droughts, favor Cx. pipiens and Cx. tarsalis abundance throughout Colorado. Both of these processes potentially increase the local vector-to-host ratio, favoring WNV amplification among competent avian hosts and bridging to humans."
    Author: 'Shaman, J.; Day, J. F.; Komar, N.'
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7020494
    Date: Feb
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    Issue: 2
    Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    Keywords: Colorado/epidemiology; Humans; Risk Factors; *Water Movements; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology
    Notes: 'Shaman, Jeffrey Day, Jonathan F Komar, Nicholas eng Switzerland 2010/07/10 06:00 Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Feb;7(2):494-508. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7020494. Epub 2010 Feb 11.'
    Pages: 494-508
    Title: Hydrologic conditions describe West Nile virus risk in Colorado
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 18035
    _uuid: 56d62d2b-1544-45fa-9336-aaf3708df8d0
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3390/ijerph7020494
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/56d62d2b-1544-45fa-9336-aaf3708df8d0.yaml
  identifier: 56d62d2b-1544-45fa-9336-aaf3708df8d0
  uri: /reference/56d62d2b-1544-45fa-9336-aaf3708df8d0
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Smith, N.W.; Joffe, H.'
    DOI: 10.1080/13669870802586512
    ISSN: 1466-4461
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of Risk Research
    Pages: 647-663
    Title: 'Climate change in the British press: The role of the visual'
    Volume: 12
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 19226
    _uuid: 56e6c997-9cde-4f3e-8dd7-e6e737a5a157
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1080/13669870802586512
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/56e6c997-9cde-4f3e-8dd7-e6e737a5a157.yaml
  identifier: 56e6c997-9cde-4f3e-8dd7-e6e737a5a157
  uri: /reference/56e6c997-9cde-4f3e-8dd7-e6e737a5a157
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "The authors compared the contribution of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), chipmunks (Tamias striatus), and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) to infection of vector ticks with the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgddorferi. At one Massachusetts location where Lyme disease is endemic, all three species of rodents were found to be infected. Prevalence of infection, however, varied from 90% for mice, and 75% for chipmunks to just 5.5% for meadow voles. Infectivity of these hosts for larval Ixodes dammini also varied, but mice were found to be the most infective, followed by chipmunks and meadow voles. Density estimates of these three hosts, collected between 1981 and 1986 in three coastal Massachusetts locations, revealed that mice were more abundant than the other two rodents in areas in which ticks were abundant. In addition, mice were infested more abundantly with larval I. dammini than the other two host species. Integrating these results, we determined each species' \"reservoir potential,\" a novel term which describes the relative contribution made by a host species to the horizontal infection of a vector population. The authors' findings demonstrate that, at least in coastal Massachusetts, P. leucopus is the most important small mammal reservoir for B. burgdorferi."
    Author: 'Mather, T. N.; Wilson, M. L.; Moore, S. I.; Ribeiro, J. M.; Spielman, A.'
    Date: Jul
    ISSN: 1476-6256
    Issue: 1
    Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
    Keywords: Animals; Borrelia; Borrelia Infections/*transmission; *Borrelia burgdorferi; Cross-Sectional Studies; *Disease Reservoirs; *Disease Vectors; Humans; Lyme Disease/*transmission; Massachusetts; Mice; *Rodentia
    Notes: "Mather, T N Wilson, M L Moore, S I Ribeiro, J M Spielman, A eng AI 19693/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1989/07/01 Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jul;130(1):143-50."
    PMID: 2787105
    Pages: 143-150
    Title: Comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi)
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2787105
    Volume: 130
    Year: 1989
    _record_number: 18015
    _uuid: 5767e11f-0de8-4030-a669-703f8be8416a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-2787105
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5767e11f-0de8-4030-a669-703f8be8416a.yaml
  identifier: 5767e11f-0de8-4030-a669-703f8be8416a
  uri: /reference/5767e11f-0de8-4030-a669-703f8be8416a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Zhang, Kai\rRood, Richard B.\rMichailidis, George\rOswald, Evan M.\rSchwartz, Joel D.\rZanobetti, Antonella\rEbi, Kristie L.\rO'Neill, Marie S."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.05.001
    ISSN: 0160-4120
    Journal: Environment International
    Keywords: "Air mass\rHeat wave\rHeat health warning system\rModel-based clustering\rTemperature"
    Pages: 23-29
    Title: Comparing exposure metrics for classifying ‘dangerous heat’ in heat wave and health warning systems
    Volume: 46
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4214
    _uuid: 578531fb-189e-4433-b7bb-130ec375656f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envint.2012.05.001
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/578531fb-189e-4433-b7bb-130ec375656f.yaml
  identifier: 578531fb-189e-4433-b7bb-130ec375656f
  uri: /reference/578531fb-189e-4433-b7bb-130ec375656f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Alderman, Katarzyna; Turner, Lyle R.; Tong, Shilu'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.003
    ISSN: 0160-4120
    Journal: Environment International
    Pages: 37-47
    Title: 'Floods and human health: A systematic review'
    Volume: 47
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: Ch7
    _record_number: 17761
    _uuid: 57f88e8c-2e4f-4e00-91e8-aea256ca3128
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.003
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/57f88e8c-2e4f-4e00-91e8-aea256ca3128.yaml
  identifier: 57f88e8c-2e4f-4e00-91e8-aea256ca3128
  uri: /reference/57f88e8c-2e4f-4e00-91e8-aea256ca3128
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Lal, R.; Delgado, J. A.; Gulliford, J.; Nielsen, D.; Rice, C. W.; Van Pelt, R. S.'
    DOI: 10.2489/jswc.67.6.162A
    ISSN: 1941-3300
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
    Pages: 162A-166A
    Title: Adapting agriculture to drought and extreme events
    Volume: 67
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17919
    _uuid: 57ffaa62-7363-4a5f-915f-b1930da3ac82
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2489/jswc.67.6.162A
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/57ffaa62-7363-4a5f-915f-b1930da3ac82.yaml
  identifier: 57ffaa62-7363-4a5f-915f-b1930da3ac82
  uri: /reference/57ffaa62-7363-4a5f-915f-b1930da3ac82
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 1
    Author: IPCC
    Editor: "Parry, M.L.\rCanziani, O.F.\rPalutikof, J.P.\rvan der Linden, P.J.\rHanson, C.E."
    ISBN: 978 0521 88010-7
    Number of Pages: 976
    Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK and New York, New York, USA'
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Reviewer: 580f7af6-b0eb-4ebb-8da4-ab0a0b8ef68b
    Title: 'Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'
    URL: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4_wg2_full_report.pdf
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Ch. 20: Southwest FINAL","Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Ch. 29: Research Needs FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 463
    _uuid: 580f7af6-b0eb-4ebb-8da4-ab0a0b8ef68b
    reftype: Book
  child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar4-wg2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/580f7af6-b0eb-4ebb-8da4-ab0a0b8ef68b.yaml
  identifier: 580f7af6-b0eb-4ebb-8da4-ab0a0b8ef68b
  uri: /reference/580f7af6-b0eb-4ebb-8da4-ab0a0b8ef68b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: NIEHS
    Date: September 2012
    Institution: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
    Title: National Climate Assessment Health Sector Literature Review and Bibliography. Technical Input for the Interagency Climate Change and Human Health Group
    URL: http://www.globalchange.gov/what-we-do/assessment/nca-activities/available-technical-inputs
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4615
    _uuid: 5836b5e1-c6fa-4eaa-b453-93304c3021d5
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/nca-health-ti-2012
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5836b5e1-c6fa-4eaa-b453-93304c3021d5.yaml
  identifier: 5836b5e1-c6fa-4eaa-b453-93304c3021d5
  uri: /reference/5836b5e1-c6fa-4eaa-b453-93304c3021d5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Fleming, Lora E.; Kirkpatrick, Barbara; Backer, Lorraine C.; Walsh, Cathy J.; Nierenberg, Kate; Clark, John; Reich, Andrew; Hollenbeck, Julie; Benson, Janet; Cheng, Yung Sung; Naar, Jerome; Pierce, Richard; Bourdelais, Andrea J.; Abraham, William M.; Kirkpatrick, Gary; Zaias, Julia; Wanner, Adam; Mendes, Eliana; Shalat, Stuart; Hoagland, Porter; Stephan, Wendy; Bean, Judy; Watkins, Sharon; Clarke, Tainya; Byrne, Margaret; Baden, Daniel G.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2010.08.006
    ISSN: 1878-1470
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Harmful Algae
    Pages: 224-233
    Title: Review of Florida red tide and human health effects
    Volume: 10
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 16858
    _uuid: 584e1220-3996-4910-bc6d-fba3f9fbf751
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.hal.2010.08.006
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/584e1220-3996-4910-bc6d-fba3f9fbf751.yaml
  identifier: 584e1220-3996-4910-bc6d-fba3f9fbf751
  uri: /reference/584e1220-3996-4910-bc6d-fba3f9fbf751
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Semenza, J.C.\rRubin, C.H.\rFalter, K.H.\rSelanikio, J.D.\rFlanders, W.D.\rHowe, H.L.\rWilhelm, J.L."
    DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199607113350203
    ISSN: 0028-4793
    Issue: 2
    Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
    Pages: 84-90
    Title: Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago
    URL: http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199607113350203
    Volume: 335
    Year: 1996
    _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2810
    _uuid: 58b9ce1c-c459-4915-ba73-782e5c5850de
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1056/NEJM199607113350203
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/58b9ce1c-c459-4915-ba73-782e5c5850de.yaml
  identifier: 58b9ce1c-c459-4915-ba73-782e5c5850de
  uri: /reference/58b9ce1c-c459-4915-ba73-782e5c5850de
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "We used an Ixodes scapularis population model to investigate potential northward spread of the tick associated with climate change. Annual degree-days >0 degrees C limits for I. scapularis establishment, obtained from tick population model simulations, were mapped using temperatures projected for the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s by two Global Climate Models (the Canadian CGCM2 and the UK HadCM3) for two greenhouse gas emission scenario enforcings 'A2'and 'B2' of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Under scenario 'A2' using either climate model, the theoretical range for I. scapularis establishment moved northwards by approximately 200 km by the 2020s and 1000 km by the 2080s. Reductions in emissions (scenario 'B2') had little effect on projected range expansion up to the 2050s, but the range expansion projected to occur between the 2050s and 2080s was less than that under scenario 'A2'. When the tick population model was driven by projected annual temperature cycles (obtained using CGCM2 under scenario 'A2'), tick abundance almost doubled by the 2020s at the current northern limit of I. scapularis, suggesting that the threshold numbers of immigrating ticks needed to establish new populations will fall during the coming decades. The projected degrees of theoretical range expansion and increased tick survival by the 2020s, suggest that actual range expansion of I. scapularis may be detectable within the next two decades. Seasonal tick activity under climate change scenarios was consistent with maintenance of endemic cycles of the Lyme disease agent in newly established tick populations. The geographic range of I. scapularis-borne zoonoses may, therefore, expand significantly northwards as a consequence of climate change this century."
    Author: "Ogden, N. H.; Maarouf, A.; Barker, I. K.; Bigras-Poulin, M.; Lindsay, L. R.; Morshed, M. G.; O'Callaghan C, J.; Ramay, F.; Waltner-Toews, D.; Charron, D. F."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.08.016
    Date: Jan
    ISSN: 0020-7519
    Issue: 1
    Journal: International Journal for Parasitology
    Keywords: 'Animals; Arachnid Vectors/*parasitology; Canada; *Climate; Forecasting; Greenhouse Effect; Humans; Ixodes/*parasitology; Lyme Disease/*parasitology; Models, Biological; Population Dynamics; Seasons; Temperature; Tick Infestations/parasitology; Zoonoses/*parasitology'
    Notes: "Ogden, N H Maarouf, A Barker, I K Bigras-Poulin, M Lindsay, L R Morshed, M G O'callaghan, C J Ramay, F Waltner-Toews, D Charron, D F eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2005/10/19 09:00 Int J Parasitol. 2006 Jan;36(1):63-70. Epub 2005 Oct 5."
    Pages: 63-70
    Title: Climate change and the potential for range expansion of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in Canada
    Volume: 36
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 18018
    _uuid: 58f16fac-0291-48b0-940f-d0e450efb5f2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.08.016
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/58f16fac-0291-48b0-940f-d0e450efb5f2.yaml
  identifier: 58f16fac-0291-48b0-940f-d0e450efb5f2
  uri: /reference/58f16fac-0291-48b0-940f-d0e450efb5f2
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Paerl, H. W.; Otten, T. G.'
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1245276
    ISSN: 1095-9203
    Issue: 6157
    Journal: Science
    Pages: 433-434
    Title: Blooms bite the hand that feeds them
    Volume: 342
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18869
    _uuid: 58f71b66-ac1b-4971-af12-2055c696f735
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1245276
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/58f71b66-ac1b-4971-af12-2055c696f735.yaml
  identifier: 58f71b66-ac1b-4971-af12-2055c696f735
  uri: /reference/58f71b66-ac1b-4971-af12-2055c696f735
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: EPA
    Publisher: 'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation'
    Title: 'Technical Support Document (TSD): Preparation of Emissions Inventories for the Version 6.2, 2011 Emissions Modeling Platform'
    URL: http://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/2011v6/2011v6_2_2017_2025_EmisMod_TSD_aug2015.pdf
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 19313
    _uuid: 5958ffb9-83be-45ec-8515-0949949ceceb
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/technical-support-document-tsd-preparation-emissions-inventories
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5958ffb9-83be-45ec-8515-0949949ceceb.yaml
  identifier: 5958ffb9-83be-45ec-8515-0949949ceceb
  uri: /reference/5958ffb9-83be-45ec-8515-0949949ceceb
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Background.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention monitors vibriosis through 2 surveillance systems: the nationwide Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance (COVIS) system and the 10-state Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet). COVIS conducts passive surveillance and FoodNet conducts active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed Vibrio infections.Methods.We summarized Vibrio infections (excluding toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139) reported to COVIS and FoodNet from 1996 through 2010. For each system, we calculated incidence rates using US Census Bureau population estimates for the surveillance area.Results.From 1996 to 2010, 7700 cases of vibriosis were reported to COVIS and 1519 to FoodNet. Annual incidence of reported vibriosis per 100 000 population increased from 1996 to 2010 in both systems, from 0.09 to 0.28 in COVIS and from 0.15 to 0.42 in FoodNet. The 3 commonly reported Vibrio species were V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. alginolyticus; both surveillance systems showed that the incidence of each increased. In both systems, most hospitalizations and deaths were caused by V. vulnificus infection, and most patients were white men. The number of cases peaked in the summer months.Conclusions.Surveillance data from both COVIS and FoodNet indicate that the incidence of vibriosis increased from 1996 to 2010 overall and for each of the 3 most commonly reported species. Epidemiologic patterns were similar in both systems. Current prevention efforts have failed to prevent increasing rates of vibriosis; more effective efforts will be needed to decrease rates.'
    Author: 'Newton, A.; Kendall, M.; Vugia, D. J.; Henao, O. L.; Mahon, B. E.'
    DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis243
    Date: 'June 1, 2012'
    ISSN: 1537-6591
    Issue: suppl 5
    Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases
    Pages: S391-S395
    Title: 'Increasing Rates of Vibriosis in the United States, 1996-2010: Review of Surveillance Data From 2 Systems'
    Type of Article: Article
    Volume: 54
    Year: 2012
    _uuid: 59b468e2-b673-4b43-9daf-6b01b4084163
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/cid/cis243
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/59b468e2-b673-4b43-9daf-6b01b4084163.yaml
  identifier: 59b468e2-b673-4b43-9daf-6b01b4084163
  uri: /reference/59b468e2-b673-4b43-9daf-6b01b4084163
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: EPA
    Date Published: 'April 15, 2015'
    Number: 'March 24, 2015'
    Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.'
    Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Title: 'Public Drinking Water Systems Programs: Overview'
    URL: http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/drinkingwater/pws/index.cfm
    Volume: 2015
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 19019
    _uuid: 59bfc382-f60d-4cf5-9a8d-5da4e9f6285f
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Stone, Brian; Hess, Jeremy J.; Frumkin, Howard'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901879
    Date: October 2010
    Epub Date: 23 June 2010
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Pages: 1425-1428
    Title: 'Urban form and extreme heat events: Are sprawling cities more vulnerable to climate change than compact cities?'
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2957923/pdf/ehp-118-1425.pdf
    Volume: 118
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 4498
    _uuid: 59f399eb-5de9-4f98-92d2-392271ef924f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.0901879
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  identifier: 59f399eb-5de9-4f98-92d2-392271ef924f
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Lemyre, L.; Gibson, S.; Zlepnig, J.; Meyer-Macleod, R.; Boutette, P.'
    DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncp084
    ISSN: 1742-3406
    Issue: 3-4
    Journal: Radiation Protection Dosimetry
    Pages: 207-214
    Title: 'Emergency preparedness for higher risk populations: Psychosocial considerations'
    Volume: 134
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 18332
    _uuid: 5a3738eb-0007-4a5f-ad3c-337e4a18d222
    reftype: Journal Article
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    .reference_type: 10
    Author: "Akinbami, Lara J.\rMoorman, Jeanne E.\rBailey, Cathy\rZahran, Hatice S.\rKing, Michael\rJohnson, Carol A.\rLiu, Xiang"
    Institution: National Center for Health Statistics
    Pages: 8
    Place Published: 'Hyattsville, MD'
    Report Number: 'NCHS Data Brief No. 94, May 2012'
    Series Title: NCHS Data Brief
    Title: 'Trends in Asthma Prevalence, Health Care Use, and Mortality in the United States, 2001–2010. NCHS Data Brief. No. 94, May 2012'
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db94.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4679
    _uuid: 5a3ba94b-e83c-4f01-8156-d4b018006d0c
    reftype: Report
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  identifier: 5a3ba94b-e83c-4f01-8156-d4b018006d0c
  uri: /reference/5a3ba94b-e83c-4f01-8156-d4b018006d0c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Asthma is a difficult, resource-intensive disease that can result in symptoms, hospitalization and, in rare cases, death. In the past few decades, there has been an abundance of evidence showing the prevalence of asthma to be increasing in certain regions. However, reports have recently emerged suggesting that asthma prevalence has stabilized. This has led to debate among researchers whether increases in asthma prevalence have come to an end. We reviewed recent literature in search of answers to the ongoing debate on whether the asthma crisis is over. RECENT FINDINGS: In contrast with past reports, several recent studies have reported a stabilization of asthma prevalence. However, based on repeated cross-sectional studies, findings regarding the stabilization of asthma prevalence have been inconsistent, especially when considering the heterogeneity of the disease, which can result in a variety of patterns concerning asthma diagnosis, symptoms, and allergic sensitization. Temporal trends considering physician visits, hospitalizations, and mortality have been more consistent, with stabilizing and decreasing patterns of asthma burden in recent years. SUMMARY: Because reasons for the original increases in asthma prevalence remain unclear, an explanation for the apparent stabilization of asthma prevalence reported in some studies also remains elusive. This is compounded by the difficulty in defining asthma accurately in population studies and inconsistencies in the results of prevalence estimation among repeated cross-sectional studies. Efforts should be made to continue monitoring asthma prevalence and to begin monitoring asthma prevalence in regions where environmental and social changes are occurring.'
    Author: 'Lawson, J. A.; Senthilselvan, A.'
    Date: Jan
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
    Keywords: Asthma/*epidemiology; Hospitalization/trends; Humans; Morbidity/trends
    Language: eng
    Notes: 'Lawson, Joshua Allan Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan Journal Article Review United States Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2005 Jan;11(1):79-84.'
    Pages: 79-84
    Title: 'Asthma epidemiology: Has the crisis passed?'
    Volume: 11
    Year: 2005
    _record_number: 19010
    _uuid: 5a49b492-093f-41bb-951c-01e1ffbeac38
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-15591893
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  identifier: 5a49b492-093f-41bb-951c-01e1ffbeac38
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Jesdale, Bill M.; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Cushing, Lara'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205919
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Pages: 811-817
    Title: The racial/ethnic distribution of heat risk–related land cover in relation to residential segregation
    Volume: 121
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17857
    _uuid: 5a4bb405-7848-4441-bd59-025b30f94dc5
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1205919
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  uri: /reference/5a4bb405-7848-4441-bd59-025b30f94dc5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: "Cutter, Susan L.\rSolecki, William\rBragado, Nancy\rCarmin, JoAnn\rFragkias, Michail\rRuth, Matthias\rWilbanks, Thomas"
    Book Title: 'Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment'
    DOI: 10.7930/J0F769GR
    Editor: 'Melillo, Jerry M.; Richmond, Terese (T.C.); Yohe, Gary W.'
    Pages: 282-296
    Place Published: 'Washington, DC'
    Publisher: U.S. Global Change Research Program
    Reviewer: 5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d
    Title: 'Ch. 11: Urban Systems, Infrastructure, and Vulnerability'
    URL: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/urban
    Year: 2014
    _chapter: '["Ch. 0: About this Report FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4722
    _uuid: 5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d
    reftype: Book Section
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  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d.yaml
  identifier: 5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d
  uri: /reference/5a79e12b-b65c-40ef-8f80-7bcb04d57a1d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 63
    Author: U.S. Census Bureau
    Date Published: August 14
    Title: An Older and More Diverse Nation by Midcentury
    URL: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb08-123.html
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 18275
    _uuid: 5ad1211f-6e20-4d3a-b7ba-4d484a6fbdc2
    reftype: Press Release
  child_publication: /generic/31ce263e-9c45-475c-ae3c-7c79a81e4b82
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5ad1211f-6e20-4d3a-b7ba-4d484a6fbdc2.yaml
  identifier: 5ad1211f-6e20-4d3a-b7ba-4d484a6fbdc2
  uri: /reference/5ad1211f-6e20-4d3a-b7ba-4d484a6fbdc2
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'This study examined the nature and determinants of longitudinal trajectories of disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in older persons affected by a large-magnitude disaster. Two hundred six adults age 60 or older (mean = 69, range = 60-92) who resided in the Galveston Bay area when Hurricane Ike struck in September 2008 completed telephone interviews an average of 3-, 6-, and 15-months after this disaster. Latent growth mixture modeling was employed to identify predominant trajectories of disaster-related PTSD symptoms over time; and pre-, peri-, and post-disaster determinants of these trajectories were then examined. A 3-class solution optimally characterized PTSD symptom trajectories, with the majority (78.7%) of the sample having low/no PTSD symptoms over all assessments (i.e., resistant); 16.0% having chronically elevated symptoms (i.e., chronic); and 5.3% having a delayed onset course of symptoms (i.e., delayed-onset). Lower education, greater severity of Hurricane Ike exposure (i.e., Ike-related physical illness or injury and high level of community destruction), and greater number of traumatic and stressful life events after Hurricane Ike, particularly financial problems, were associated with a chronic PTSD trajectory. Greater number of traumatic and stressful life events, particularly financial problems after Hurricane Ike, was also associated with a delayed-onset trajectory. These findings suggest that there are heterogeneous trajectories of disaster-related PTSD symptoms in older adults and that these trajectories have common and unique determinants. They also underscore the importance of prevention efforts designed to mitigate the deleterious effects of post-disaster stressors, most notably financial distress, in older persons affected by disasters.'
    Author: 'Pietrzak, R. H.; Van Ness, P. H.; Fried, T. R.; Galea, S.; Norris, F. H.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.12.005
    Date: Apr
    ISSN: 0022-3956
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
    Keywords: 'Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cyclonic Storms/economics/*statistics & numerical data; Disasters/economics/*statistics & numerical data; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic/methods; *Life Change Events; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/economics/epidemiology/*psychology; Texas/epidemiology'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "1879-1379 Pietrzak, Robert H Van Ness, Peter H Fried, Terri R Galea, Sandro Norris, Fran H 5 P60 MH082598/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States P30 AG021342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States P30AG21342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States P60 MH082598/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Apr;47(4):520-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.12.005. Epub 2013 Jan 4."
    Pages: 520-526
    Title: Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in older persons affected by a large-magnitude disaster
    Volume: 47
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18155
    _uuid: 5aff4109-04b3-4ac6-a945-58664490b6fe
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Barnett, A. G.\rHajat, S.\rGasparrini, A.\rRocklöv, J."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.010
    Epub Date: 2012 Jan 4
    ISSN: 0013-9351
    Issue: 0
    Journal: Environmental Research
    Keywords: "Climate\rMortality\rWeather\rTemperature\rHeat waves"
    Pages: 218-224
    Title: Cold and heat waves in the United States
    Volume: 112
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4492
    _uuid: 5b3848ca-bd86-4549-a937-dea708342827
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.010
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Frumkin, H.'
    ISSN: 1468-2877
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Public Health Reports
    PMID: 12432132
    Pages: 201-217
    Title: Urban sprawl and public health
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497432/pdf/12432132.pdf
    Volume: 117
    Year: 2002
    _record_number: 13468
    _uuid: 5b5d8352-37c2-4a9c-89b0-dba4dabcab9f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-12432132
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/5b5d8352-37c2-4a9c-89b0-dba4dabcab9f.yaml
  identifier: 5b5d8352-37c2-4a9c-89b0-dba4dabcab9f
  uri: /reference/5b5d8352-37c2-4a9c-89b0-dba4dabcab9f
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Welch, Alan H.; Westjohn, D. B.; Helsel, Dennis R.; Wanty, Richard B.'
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00251.x
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Groundwater
    Pages: 589-604
    Title: 'Arsenic in ground water of the United States: Occurrence and geochemistry'
    Volume: 38
    Year: 2000
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17947
    _uuid: 5b7df3d8-e904-4869-aee8-28642c31b8c5
    reftype: Journal Article
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  uri: /reference/5b7df3d8-e904-4869-aee8-28642c31b8c5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Parham, Paul E.; Waldock, Joanna; Christophides, George K.; Hemming, Deborah; Agusto, Folashade; Evans, Katherine J.; Fefferman, Nina; Gaff, Holly; Gumel, Abba; LaDeau, Shannon; Lenhart, Suzanne; Mickens, Ronald E.; Naumova, Elena N.; Ostfeld, R. S.; Ready, Paul D.; Thomas, Matthew B.; Velasco-Hernandez, Jorge; Michael, Edwin'
    DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0551
    ISSN: 1471-2970
    Issue: 1665
    Journal: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences'
    Title: 'Climate, environmental and socio-economic change: Weighing up the balance in vector-borne disease transmission'
    Volume: 370
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 19173
    _uuid: 5b9528ba-65c4-49b9-ae40-db9a6ccf21d5
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1098/rstb.2013.0551
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  uri: /reference/5b9528ba-65c4-49b9-ae40-db9a6ccf21d5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Fryar, Cheryl D.; Carroll, Margaret D.; Ogden, Cynthia L.'
    Publisher: CDC National Center for Health Statistics
    Title: 'Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Extreme Obesity Among Adults: United States, Trends 1960-1962 through 2009-2010'
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_adult_09_10/obesity_adult_09_10.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19141
    _uuid: 5bd08ba1-53a4-4c3c-9f21-2d495d83bb2a
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/cdc-nchs-trends-2012
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