---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Allan, Brian F.; Keesing, Felicia; Ostfeld, Richard S.'
    DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x
    ISSN: 1523-1739
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Conservation Biology
    Pages: 267-272
    Title: Effect of forest fragmentation on Lyme disease risk
    Volume: 17
    Year: 2003
    _record_number: 19103
    _uuid: 1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92.yaml
  identifier: 1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92
  uri: /reference/1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Vanos, J.K.; Kalkstein, L.S.; Sanford, T.J.'
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.3964
    ISSN: 1097-0088
    Issue: 1
    Journal: International Journal of Climatology
    Pages: 85-96
    Title: Detecting synoptic warming trends across the US midwest and implications to human health and heat-related mortality
    Volume: 35
    Year: 2015
    _chapter: Ch2
    _record_number: 19134
    _uuid: 1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/joc.3964
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59.yaml
  identifier: 1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59
  uri: /reference/1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 47
    Author: 'Le Saux, JC; Serais, O; Krol, J; Parnaudeau, S; Salvagnac, P; Delmas, G; Cicchelero, V; Claudet, J; Pothier, P; Balay, K'
    Conference Location: 'Blenheim, New Zealand'
    Conference Name: 6th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety
    Pages: 256-252
    Publisher: The Royal Society of New Zealand
    Secondary Author: 'Busby,P.'
    Title: Evidence of the presence of viral contamination in shellfish after short rainfall events
    Year of Conference: 2009
    _record_number: 18875
    _uuid: 1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3
    reftype: Conference Paper
  child_publication: /generic/b2ea6866-260b-4b45-9fd0-a87487a922c2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3.yaml
  identifier: 1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3
  uri: /reference/1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'The illness of three people in 2011 after their ingestion of mussels collected from Sequim Bay State Park, Washington State, USA, demonstrated the need to monitor diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in Washington State for the protection of human health. Following these cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, monitoring for DSTs in Washington State became formalized in 2012, guided by routine monitoring of Dinophysis species by the SoundToxins program in Puget Sound and the Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) partnership on the outer Washington State coast. Here we show that the DSTs at concentrations above the guidance level of 16 mug okadaic acid (OA) + dinophysistoxins (DTXs)/100 g shellfish tissue were widespread in sentinel mussels throughout Puget Sound in summer 2012 and included harvest closures of California mussel, varnish clam, manila clam and Pacific oyster. Concentrations of toxins in Pacific oyster and manila clam were often at least half those measured in blue mussels at the same site. The primary toxin isomer in shellfish and plankton samples was dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) with D. acuminata as the primary Dinophysis species. Other lipophilic toxins in shellfish were pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and yessotoxin (YTX) with azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2) also measured in phytoplankton samples. Okadaic acid, azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1) and azaspiracid-3 (AZA-3) were all below the levels of detection by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A shellfish closure at Ruby Beach, Washington, was the first ever noted on the Washington State Pacific coast due to DSTs. The greater than average Fraser River flow during the summers of 2011 and 2012 may have provided an environment conducive to dinoflagellates and played a role in the prevalence of toxigenic Dinophysis in Puget Sound.'
    Author: 'Trainer, V. L.; Moore, L.; Bill, B. D.; Adams, N. G.; Harrington, N.; Borchert, J.; da Silva, D. A.M.; Eberhart, B.-T. L.'
    DOI: 10.3390/md11061815
    Date: Jun
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Marine Drugs
    Keywords: 'Animals; Bivalvia/chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Environmental Monitoring/*methods; Humans; Marine Toxins/*analysis/isolation & purification; Okadaic Acid/analysis/isolation & purification; Seafood/*analysis; Shellfish/analysis; Shellfish Poisoning/epidemiology/*prevention & control; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Washington'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "1660-3397 Trainer, Vera L Moore, Leslie Bill, Brian D Adams, Nicolaus G Harrington, Neil Borchert, Jerry da Silva, Denis A M Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Switzerland Mar Drugs. 2013 May 28;11(6):1815-35. doi: 10.3390/md11061815."
    Pages: 1815-1835
    Title: Diarrhetic shellfish toxins and other lipophilic toxins of human health concern in Washington state
    Volume: 11
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18440
    _uuid: 1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3390/md11061815
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1.yaml
  identifier: 1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1
  uri: /reference/1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Changes in the biomass and species composition of phytoplankton may reflect major shifts in environmental conditions. We investigated relationships between the late summer biomass of different phytoplankton taxa and environmental factors, and their long-term (1979–2003) trends in two areas of the Baltic Sea, the northern Baltic proper (NBP) and the Gulf of Finland (GF), with statistical analyses. An increasing trend was found in late summer temperature and chlorophyll a of the surface water layer (0–10 m) in both areas. There was also a significant decrease in summer salinity and an increase in winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratio in the NBP, as well as increases in winter DIN concentrations and DIN:SiO4 ratio in the GF. Simultaneously, the biomass of chrysophytes and chlorophytes increased in both areas. In the NBP, also the biomass of dinophytes increased and that of euglenophytes decreased, whereas in the GF, cyanobacteria increased and cryptophytes decreased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that summer temperature and winter DIN concentration were the most important factors with respect to changes in the phytoplankton community structure. Thus, the phytoplankton communities seem to reflect both hydrographic changes and the ongoing eutrophication process in the northern Baltic Sea.'
    Author: 'Suikkanen, Sanna; Laamanen, Maria; Huttunen, Maija'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004
    ISSN: 1096-0015
    Issue: 3-4
    Journal: 'Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science'
    Keywords: phytoplankton; Baltic Sea; long-term changes; eutrophication; multivariate analysis
    Pages: 580-592
    Title: Long-term changes in summer phytoplankton communities of the open northern Baltic Sea
    Volume: 71
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 19058
    _uuid: 1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf.yaml
  identifier: 1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf
  uri: /reference/1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Atkinson, R. W.; Strachan, D. P.'
    DOI: 10.1136/thx.2003.019133
    ISSN: 0040-6376
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Thorax
    Pages: 277-278
    Title: 'Role of outdoor aeroallergens in asthma exacerbations: Epidemiological evidence'
    Volume: 59
    Year: 2004
    _chapter: Ch3
    _record_number: 17653
    _uuid: 203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1136/thx.2003.019133
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd.yaml
  identifier: 203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd
  uri: /reference/203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Wiedner, C.\rRücker, J.\rBrüggemann, R.\rNixdorf, B."
    DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5
    ISSN: 0029-8549
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Oecologia
    Pages: 473-484
    Title: Climate change affects timing and size of populations of an invasive cyanobacterium in temperate regions
    Volume: 152
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["RG 2 Southeast","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3416
    _uuid: 204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d.yaml
  identifier: 204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d
  uri: /reference/204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d
- attrs:
    .place_published: 'Waco, TX'
    .publisher: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Historical records of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish from a coastal embayment in the Pacific Northwest of the United States are used to examine the influence of large-scale climate variations on aspects of Alexandrium catenella bloom dynamics on interannual and interdecadal timescales. An annual index of shellfish toxicity covaries with the number of days annually that sea surface temperature (SST) exceeds 13°C-a known temperature threshold for increased shellfish toxicity in this region—and with an index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In contrast, no robust relationship exists between our shellfish toxicity index and an index of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We hypothesize that this is because anomalously warm water temperatures created during El Niño winters do not generally persist into the seasonal time period that shellfish in this region accumulate PSTs, which is typically in the summer and fall. In contrast, anomalously warm water temperatures created during warm-phase PDO winters and springs typically persist into the summer and fall, thereby increasing the number of days annually that SST exceeds 13°C, and increasing the window of opportunity for Alexandrium blooms that ultimately lead to shellfish acquiring higher concentrations of PSTs.'
    Author: "Moore, Stephanie K.\rMantua, Nathan J.\rHickey, Barbara M.\rTrainer, Vera L."
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262
    ISSN: 1939-5590
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Limnology and Oceanography
    Pages: 2262-2274
    Place Published: 'Waco, TX'
    Title: The relative influences of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation in northwest Pacific shellfish
    Volume: 55
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3839
    _uuid: 204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81.yaml
  identifier: 204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81
  uri: /reference/204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kopanic, Robert J; Sheldon, Brian W; Wright, Charles'
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Food Protection
    Pages: 125-131
    Title: 'Cockroaches as vectors of Salmonella: Laboratory and field trials'
    Volume: 57
    Year: 1994
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17959
    _uuid: 205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/cockroaches-vectors-salmonella-laboratory-field-trials
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546.yaml
  identifier: 205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546
  uri: /reference/205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ford, J. D.; Smit, B.'
    DOI: 10.14430/arctic516
    ISSN: 1923-1245
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Arctic
    Pages: 389-400
    Title: A framework for assessing the vulnerability of communities in the Canadian arctic to risks associated with climate change
    Volume: 57
    Year: 2004
    _record_number: 18826
    _uuid: 2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.14430/arctic516
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2.yaml
  identifier: 2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2
  uri: /reference/2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Angelakis, A.N.; Gikas, P.'
    Journal: Water Utility Journal
    Pages: 67-78
    Title: 'Water reuse: Overview of current practices and trends in the world with emphasis on EU states'
    URL: http://www.ewra.net/wuj/pdf/WUJ_2014_08_07.pdf
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 19283
    _uuid: 21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/water-reuse-overview-current-practices-trends-world-emphasis-eu-states
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd.yaml
  identifier: 21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd
  uri: /reference/21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ritz, B.; Wilhelm, M.; Hoggatt, K. J.; Ghosh, J. K. C.'
    DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm181
    ISSN: 1476-6256
    Issue: 9
    Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
    Pages: 1045-1052
    Title: 'Ambient air pollution and preterm birth in the Environment and Pregnancy Outcomes Study at the University of California, Los Angeles'
    Volume: 166
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17879
    _uuid: 21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/kwm181
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835.yaml
  identifier: 21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835
  uri: /reference/21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Previous research shows poorer birth outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and for persons with low socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated whether mothers in groups at higher risk for poor birth outcomes live in areas of higher air pollution and whether higher exposure to air pollution contributes to poor birth outcomes. An index representing long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants was matched with birth certificate data at the county level for the United States in 1998-1999. We used linear regression to estimate associations between the air pollution index and maternal race and educational attainment, a marker for SES of the mother, controlling for age, parity, marital status, and region of the country. Then we used logistic regression models both to estimate likelihood of living in counties with the highest levels of air pollution for different racial groups and by educational attainment, adjusting for other maternal risk factors, and to estimate the effect of living in counties with higher levels of air pollution on preterm delivery and births small for gestational age (SGA). Hispanic, African-American, and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers experienced higher mean levels of air pollution and were more than twice as likely to live in the most polluted counties compared with white mothers after controlling for maternal risk factors, region, and educational status [Hispanic mothers: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.66; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.92-11.32; African-American mothers: AOR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.00-6.62; Asian/Pacific Islander mothers: AOR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.07-7.39]. Educational attainment was not associated with living in counties with highest levels of the air pollution index (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.40-2.26) after adjusting for maternal risk factors, region of the country, and race/ethnicity. There was a small increase in the odds of preterm delivery (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12) but not SGA (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.07) in a county with high air pollution. Additional risk of residing in areas with poor air quality may exacerbate health problems of infants and children already at increased risk for poor health.'
    Author: 'Woodruff, Tracey J.; Parker, Jennifer D.; Kyle, Amy D.; Schoendorf, Kenneth C.'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5317
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Pages: 942-946
    Title: Disparities in exposure to air pollution during pregnancy
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2003
    _record_number: 18293
    _uuid: 218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.5317
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3.yaml
  identifier: 218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3
  uri: /reference/218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: USDA
    Date Published: November 17
    Pages: 20
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Transportation Services Branch'
    Title: 'Grain Transportation Report, November 17, 2005'
    URL: http://apps.ams.usda.gov/SearchReports/Documents/steldev3100982.pdf
    Year: 2005
    _record_number: 18312
    _uuid: 2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/usda-ams-grain-transportation-report-nov-17-2005
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091.yaml
  identifier: 2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091
  uri: /reference/2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091
- attrs:
    .publisher: American Chemical Society
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Coulliette, Angela D.; Money, Eric S.; Serre, Marc L.; Noble, Rachel T.'
    DOI: 10.1021/es803183f
    Date: 2009/05/15
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Environmental Science & Technology
    Pages: 3728-3735
    Title: Space/time analysis of fecal pollution and rainfall in an eastern North Carolina estuary
    Volume: 43
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 19044
    _uuid: 21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1021/es803183f
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e.yaml
  identifier: 21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e
  uri: /reference/21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Jofre, Juan; Blanch, Anicet R.; Lucena, Francisco'
    Book Title: 'Water Scarcity in the Mediterranean: Perspectives under Global Change'
    DOI: 10.1007/698_2009_22
    Editor: 'Sabater,Sergi; Barcelo,Damia'
    ISBN: 1867-979X 1616-864X
    Pages: 147-159
    Place Published: Berlin
    Publisher: Springer
    Title: Water-borne infectious disease outbreaks associated with water scarcity and rainfall events
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 18858
    _uuid: 21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /book/0c5473f4-86ce-4c9b-a2f2-1694537ce41d
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40.yaml
  identifier: 21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40
  uri: /reference/21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ziska, L. H.; Sicher, R. C.; George, K.; Mohan, J. E.'
    DOI: 10.1614/ws-06-190
    ISSN: 1550-2759
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Weed Science
    Pages: 288-292
    Title: Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and potential impacts on the growth and toxicity of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
    Volume: 55
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17893
    _uuid: 21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1614/ws-06-190
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9.yaml
  identifier: 21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9
  uri: /reference/21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND:Characterizing factors which determine susceptibility to air pollution is an important step in understanding the distribution of risk in a population and is critical for setting appropriate policies. We evaluate general and specific measures of community health as modifiers of risk for asthma and congestive heart failure following an episode of acute exposure to wildfire smoke.METHODS:A population-based study of emergency department visits and daily concentrations of fine particulate matter during a wildfire in North Carolina was performed. Determinants of community health defined by County Health Rankings were evaluated as modifiers of the relative risk. A total of 40 mostly rural counties were included in the study. These rankings measure factors influencing health: health behaviors, access and quality of clinical care, social and economic factors, and physical environment, as well as, the outcomes of health: premature mortality and morbidity. Pollutant concentrations were obtained from a mathematically modeled smoke forecasting system. Estimates of relative risk for emergency department visits were based on Poisson mixed effects regression models applied to daily visit counts.RESULTS:For asthma, the strongest association was observed at lag day 0 with excess relative risk of 66%(28,117). For congestive heart failure the excess relative risk was 42%(5,93). The largest difference in risk was observed after stratifying on the basis of Socio-Economic Factors. Difference in risk between bottom and top ranked counties by Socio-Economic Factors was 85% and 124% for asthma and congestive heart failure respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The results indicate that Socio-Economic Factors should be considered as modifying risk factors in air pollution studies and be evaluated in the assessment of air pollution impacts.'
    Author: "Rappold, Ana\rCascio, Wayne\rKilaru, Vasu\rStone, Susan\rNeas, Lucas\rDevlin, Robert\rDiaz-Sanchez, David"
    DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-71
    ISSN: 1476-069X
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Environmental Health
    Pages: Article 71
    Title: Cardio-respiratory outcomes associated with exposure to wildfire smoke are modified by measures of community health
    URL: http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069X-11-71.pdf
    Volume: 11
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 4199
    _uuid: 21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1186/1476-069X-11-71
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288.yaml
  identifier: 21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288
  uri: /reference/21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Knowlton, K.\rRotkin-Ellman, M.\rGeballe, L.\rMax, W.\rSolomon, G.M."
    DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229
    ISSN: 0278-2715
    Issue: 11
    Journal: Health Affairs
    Pages: 2167-2176
    Title: Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs
    Volume: 30
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1545
    _uuid: 21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c.yaml
  identifier: 21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c
  uri: /reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: NSSP
    Pages: 478
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration'
    Title: 'National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish, 2011 Revision'
    URL: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FederalStateFoodPrograms/UCM350344.pdf
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19023
    _uuid: 22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/nssp-molluscan-2011
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3.yaml
  identifier: 22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3
  uri: /reference/22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Miller, W. A.; Lewis, D. J.; Lennox, M.; Pereira, M. G. C.; Tate, K. W.; Conrad, P. A.; Atwill, E. R.'
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.00100-07
    ISSN: 0099-2240
    Issue: 21
    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    Pages: 6972-6979
    Title: Climate and on-farm risk factors associated with Giardia duodenalis cysts in storm runoff from California coastal dairies
    Volume: 73
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: Ch5
    _record_number: 16156
    _uuid: 2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1128/aem.00100-07
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c.yaml
  identifier: 2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c
  uri: /reference/2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "BACKGROUND: The hottest year on record for the contiguous United States was 2012. July 2012 ranked as Wisconsin's fourth warmest July, which has profound implications for heat-related mortality. METHODS: We conducted a case series of 27 heat-related fatalities in Wisconsin during summer 2012. Data from death certificates supplemented by coroner reports were analyzed to characterize factors that increase vulnerability to heat-related fatality. RESULTS: The 2012 heat-related fatalities occurred in both urban and rural counties. All cases had 1 or more known risk factors: 100% lacked functioning residential air conditioning; 70% were over age 65; 75% had a cardiovascular disease; and 52% had a mental health condition. Of the 14 cases with a mental health condition, half were known to be taking psychotropic medication. None of the decedents had been in air conditioning immediately prior to death, and 8 (36%) had been using fans. CONCLUSIONS: Air conditioning is known to be a strong protective factor in preventing heat-related deaths whereas fans have not been shown to be significantly protective across all exposure situations. Prevention efforts should stress reducing social isolation by encouraging checks by friends, neighbors, or police. Prevention messages should also warn patients on psychotropic medications that the medication could increase their risk of heat-related illness or fatality."
    Author: 'Christenson, M. L.; Geiger, S. D.; Anderson, H. A.'
    Date: Oct
    Issue: 5
    Journal: WMJ
    Keywords: Age Factors; Cause of Death; Death Certificates; Female; Heat Stress Disorders/*mortality; *Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Seasons; Wisconsin/epidemiology
    Language: eng
    Notes: "Christenson, Megan L Geiger, Sarah Dee Anderson, Henry A 5U38HM000414-5/HM/NCHM CDC HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. United States WMJ. 2013 Oct;112(5):219-23."
    Pages: 219-23
    Title: Heat-related fatalities in Wisconsin during the summer of 2012
    URL: https://wmstest.ancillapartners.com/_WMS/publications/wmj/pdf/112/5/219.pdf
    Volume: 112
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18073
    _uuid: 222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-24734418
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba.yaml
  identifier: 222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba
  uri: /reference/222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Browning, C. R.; Wallace, D.; Feinberg, S. L.; Cagney, K. A.'
    DOI: 10.1177/000312240607100407
    ISSN: 0003-1224
    Issue: 4
    Journal: American Sociological Review
    Pages: 661-678
    Title: 'Neighborhood social processes, physical conditions, and disaster-related mortality: The case of the 1995 Chicago heat wave'
    Volume: 71
    Year: 2006
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17830
    _uuid: 2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1177/000312240607100407
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5.yaml
  identifier: 2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5
  uri: /reference/2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Despite years of successful isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from estuarine waters, beginning in 2007, it was extremely difficult to culture V. vulnificus from either North Carolina estuarine water or oyster samples. After employing culture-based methods as well as PCR and quantitative PCR for the detection of V. vulnificus, always with negative results, we concluded that this pathogen had become nearly undetectable in the North Carolina estuarine ecosystem. We ensured that the techniques were sound by seeding North Carolina oysters with V. vulnificus and performing the same tests as those previously conducted on unadulterated oysters. V. vulnificus was readily detected in the seeded oysters using both classes of methods. Furthermore, oysters were obtained from the Gulf of Mexico, and V. vulnificus was easily isolated, confirming that the methodology was sound but that the oysters and waters of North Carolina were lacking the V. vulnificus population studied for decades. Strikingly, the apparent loss of detectable V. vulnificus coincided with the most severe drought in the history of North Carolina. The drought continued until the end of 2009, with an elevated water column salinity being observed throughout this period and with V. vulnificus being nearly nonexistent. When salinities returned to normal after the drought abated in 2010, we were again able to routinely isolate V. vulnificus from the water column, although we were still unable to culture it from oysters. We suggest that the oysters were colonized with a more salt-tolerant bacterium during the drought, which displaced V. vulnificus and may be preventing recolonization.'
    Author: 'Froelich, B. A.; Williams, T. C.; Noble, R. T.; Oliver, J. D.'
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.07855-11
    Date: Jun
    ISSN: 0099-2240
    Issue: 11
    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    Keywords: 'Animals; Colony Count, Microbial; *Droughts; North Carolina; Ostreidae/*microbiology; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods; *Salinity; Seasons; Vibrio vulnificus/*isolation & purification; Water Microbiology'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "1098-5336 Froelich, Brett A Williams, Tiffany C Noble, Rachel T Oliver, James D OCE-0813147/PHS HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jun;78(11):3885-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.07855-11. Epub 2012 Mar 23."
    Pages: 3885-3889
    Title: Apparent loss of Vibrio vulnificus from North Carolina oysters coincides with a drought-induced increase in salinity
    Volume: 78
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19051
    _uuid: 226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1128/aem.07855-11
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54.yaml
  identifier: 226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54
  uri: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Outbreaks of West Nile (WN) virus occurred in the New York metropolitan area in 1999 and 2000. Nineteen patients diagnosed with WN infection were hospitalized in New York and New Jersey in 2000 and were included in this review. Eleven patients had encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, and eight had meningitis alone. Ages of patients ranged from 36 to 87 years (median 63 years). Fever and neurologic and gastrointestinal symptoms predominated. Severe muscle weakness on neurologic examination was found in three patients. Age was associated with disease severity. Hospitalized cases and deaths were lower in 2000 than in 1999, although the case-fatality rate was unchanged. Clinicians in the Northeast should maintain a high level of suspicion during the summer when evaluating older patients with febrile illnesses and neurologic symptoms, especially if associated with gastrointestinal complaints or muscle weakness.'
    Author: 'Weiss, D.; Carr, D.; Kellachan, J.; Tan, C.; Phillips, M.; Bresnitz, E.; Layton, M.; West Nile Virus Outbreak Response Working Group'
    Date: Jul-Aug
    ISSN: 1080-6059
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
    Keywords: 'Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid; Brain/radiography; *Disease Outbreaks; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data; Humans; Meningitis, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/physiopathology/radiography; Meningoencephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/physiopathology/radiography; Middle Aged; New Jersey/epidemiology; New York/epidemiology; West Nile Fever/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/*physiopathology/radiography; West Nile virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity'
    Notes: 'Weiss, D Carr, D Kellachan, J Tan, C Phillips, M Bresnitz, E Layton, M eng 2001/10/09 10:00 Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4):654-8.'
    Pages: 654-658
    Title: 'Clinical findings of West Nile virus infection in hospitalized patients, New York and New Jersey, 2000'
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2001
    _record_number: 18043
    _uuid: 22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid0704.010409
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b.yaml
  identifier: 22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b
  uri: /reference/22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b
- attrs:
    .publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Although infrequently diagnosed in the United States, leptospirosis is a notable reemerging infectious disease throughout developing countries. Until 1995, when the disease was eliminated from the US list of nationally notifiable diseases, Hawaii led the nation in reported annual incidence rates. Leptospirosis remains a notifiable disease in Hawaii. To ascertain the status of leptospirosis in Hawaii since the most recent US report in 2002, we reviewed 1999–2008 data obtained from case investigation reports by the Hawaii State Department of Health. Of the 345 case reports related to in-state exposures, 198 (57%) were laboratory confirmed. Our findings indicate a change in seasonal disease occurrence from summer to winter and in the infective serogroup from Icterohemorrhagiae to Australis. Also, during the past 20 years, recreational exposures have plateaued, while occupational exposures have increased. Ongoing surveillance is needed to clarify and track the dynamic epidemiology of this widespread zoonosis.'
    Author: 'Katz, Alan R.; Buchholz, Arlene E.; Hinson, Kialani; Park, Sarah Y.; Effler, Paul V.'
    DOI: 10.3201/eid1702.101109
    ISSN: 1080-6059
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
    Notes: '10-1109[PII] 21291592[pmid] Emerg Infect Dis'
    Pages: 221-226
    Title: 'Leptospirosis in Hawaii, USA, 1999–2008'
    Volume: 17
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19033
    _uuid: 22a12098-889a-4048-9a0f-95105dcbdebc
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid1702.101109
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22a12098-889a-4048-9a0f-95105dcbdebc.yaml
  identifier: 22a12098-889a-4048-9a0f-95105dcbdebc
  uri: /reference/22a12098-889a-4048-9a0f-95105dcbdebc
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kennedy, Gina; Nantel, Guy; Shetty, Prakash'
    Journal: Food Nutrition and Agriculture
    Pages: 8-16
    Title: 'The scourge of "hidden hunger": Global dimensions of micronutrient deficiencies'
    URL: ftp://193.43.36.93/docrep/fao/005/y8346m/y8346m01.pdf
    Volume: 32
    Year: 2003
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17957
    _uuid: 22acf211-b716-4aae-8607-f514b0d05f19
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /report/fao-hiddenhunger-2003
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22acf211-b716-4aae-8607-f514b0d05f19.yaml
  identifier: 22acf211-b716-4aae-8607-f514b0d05f19
  uri: /reference/22acf211-b716-4aae-8607-f514b0d05f19
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Solomon, E. B.; Yaron, S.; Matthews, K. R.'
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.1.397-400.2002
    ISSN: 0099-2240
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    Pages: 397-400
    Title: Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from contaminated manure and irrigation water to lettuce plant tissue and its subsequent internalization
    Volume: 68
    Year: 2002
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17940
    _uuid: 22bdb2cf-4fe1-4bb5-ac21-3bc3f0c6790b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1128/aem.68.1.397-400.2002
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22bdb2cf-4fe1-4bb5-ac21-3bc3f0c6790b.yaml
  identifier: 22bdb2cf-4fe1-4bb5-ac21-3bc3f0c6790b
  uri: /reference/22bdb2cf-4fe1-4bb5-ac21-3bc3f0c6790b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'In this paper, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) presents an approach and a national estimate of drinking water related endemic acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) that uses information from epidemiologic studies. There have been a limited number of epidemiologic studies that have measured waterborne disease occurrence in the United States. For this analysis, we assume that certain unknown incidence of AGI in each public drinking water system is due to drinking water and that a statistical distribution of the different incidence rates for the population served by each system can be estimated to inform a mean national estimate of AGI illness due to drinking water. Data from public water systems suggest that the incidence rate of AGI due to drinking water may vary by several orders of magnitude. In addition, data from epidemiologic studies show AGI incidence due to drinking water ranging from essentially none (or less than the study detection level) to a rate of 0.26 cases per person-year. Considering these two perspectives collectively, and associated uncertainties, EPA has developed an analytical approach and model for generating a national estimate of annual AGI illness due to drinking water. EPA developed a national estimate of waterborne disease to address, in part, the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. The national estimate uses best available science, but also recognizes gaps in the data to support some of the model assumptions and uncertainties in the estimate. Based on the model presented, EPA estimates a mean incidence of AGI attributable to drinking water of 0.06 cases per year (with a 95% credible interval of 0.02-0.12). The mean estimate represents approximately 8.5% of cases of AGI illness due to all causes among the population served by community water systems. The estimated incidence translates to 16.4 million cases/year among the same population. The estimate illustrates the potential usefulness and challenges of the approach, and provides a focus for discussions of data needs and future study designs. Areas of major uncertainty that currently limit the usefulness of the approach are discussed in the context of the estimate analysis.'
    Author: 'Messner, M.; Shaw, S.; Regli, S.; Rotert, K.; Blank, V.; Soller, J.'
    DOI: 10.2166/wh.2006.024
    ISSN: 1477-8920
    Issue: Suppl 2
    Journal: Journal of Water and Health
    Keywords: 'Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology; Community Health Services/methods/standards; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data; Epidemiologic Methods; Gastrointestinal Diseases/*epidemiology; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Monte Carlo Method; Risk Factors; United States/epidemiology; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Microbiology/*standards; Water Supply/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards'
    Language: eng
    Notes: 'Messner, Michael Shaw, Susan Regli, Stig Rotert, Ken Blank, Valerie Soller, Jeff Journal Article England J Water Health. 2006;4 Suppl 2:201-40.'
    Pages: 201-240
    Title: An approach for developing a national estimate of waterborne disease due to drinking water and a national estimate model application
    Volume: 4 Suppl 2
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 18980
    _uuid: 22ca8e37-f5b4-4f86-90d4-e3662b7d6245
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2166/wh.2006.024
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22ca8e37-f5b4-4f86-90d4-e3662b7d6245.yaml
  identifier: 22ca8e37-f5b4-4f86-90d4-e3662b7d6245
  uri: /reference/22ca8e37-f5b4-4f86-90d4-e3662b7d6245
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Medina, Angel; Rodriguez, Alicia; Magan, Naresh'
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    Issue: 348
    Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
    Title: Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2014
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 16206
    _uuid: 22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066.yaml
  identifier: 22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066
  uri: /reference/22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Riera, Antonio; Navas-Nazario, Aledie; Shabanova, Veronika; Vaca, Federico E.'
    DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.858266
    ISSN: 1532-4303
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Asthma
    Pages: 178-184
    Title: The impact of limited English proficiency on asthma action plan use
    Volume: 51
    Year: 2014
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 16411
    _uuid: 2306dc6d-f95a-46e2-bf28-300083f31dec
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3109/02770903.2013.858266
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2306dc6d-f95a-46e2-bf28-300083f31dec.yaml
  identifier: 2306dc6d-f95a-46e2-bf28-300083f31dec
  uri: /reference/2306dc6d-f95a-46e2-bf28-300083f31dec
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: Naegleria fowleri is a climate-sensitive, thermophilic ameba found in the environment, including warm, freshwater lakes and rivers. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), which is almost universally fatal, occurs when N. fowleri-containing water enters the nose, typically during swimming, and N. fowleri migrates to the brain via the olfactory nerve. In 2011, 2 adults died in Louisiana hospitals of infectious meningoencephalitis after brief illnesses. METHODS: Clinical and environmental testing and case investigations were initiated to determine the cause of death and to identify the exposures. RESULTS: Both patients had diagnoses of PAM. Their only reported water exposures were tap water used for household activities, including regular sinus irrigation with neti pots. Water samples, tap swab samples, and neti pots were collected from both households and tested; N. fowleri were identified in water samples from both homes. CONCLUSIONS: These are the first reported PAM cases in the United States associated with the presence of N. fowleri in household plumbing served by treated municipal water supplies and the first reports of PAM potentially associated with the use of a nasal irrigation device. These cases occurred in the context of an expanding geographic range for PAM beyond southern tier states with recent case reports from Minnesota, Kansas, and Virginia. These infections introduce an additional consideration for physicians recommending nasal irrigation and demonstrate the importance of using appropriate water (distilled, boiled, filtered) for nasal irrigation. Furthermore, the changing epidemiology of PAM highlights the importance of raising awareness about this disease among physicians treating persons showing meningitislike symptoms.'
    Author: 'Yoder, J. S.; Straif-Bourgeois, S.; Roy, S. L.; Moore, T. A.; Visvesvara, G. S.; Ratard, R. C.; Hill, V. R.; Wilson, J. D.; Linscott, A. J.; Crager, R.; Kozak, N. A.; Sriram, R.; Narayanan, J.; Mull, B.; Kahler, A. M.; Schneeberger, C.; da Silva, A. J.; Poudel, M.; Baumgarten, K. L.; Xiao, L.; Beach, M. J.'
    DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis626
    Date: Nov
    ISSN: 1537-6591
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases
    Keywords: Adult; Amebiasis/*chemically induced/*mortality; Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections/*chemically induced/*mortality; Female; Humans; Louisiana; Male; Middle Aged; Naegleria fowleri/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity; Paranasal Sinus Diseases/*complications/*therapy; Therapeutic Irrigation/*adverse effects
    Language: eng
    Notes: '1537-6591 Yoder, Jonathan S Straif-Bourgeois, Susanne Roy, Sharon L Moore, Thomas A Visvesvara, Govinda S Ratard, Raoult C Hill, Vincent R Wilson, Jon D Linscott, Andrea J Crager, Ron Kozak, Natalia A Sriram, Rama Narayanan, Jothikumar Mull, Bonnie Kahler, Amy M Schneeberger, Chandra da Silva, Alexandre J Poudel, Mahendra Baumgarten, Katherine L Xiao, Lihua Beach, Michael J Case Reports Journal Article United States Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;55(9):e79-85. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis626. Epub 2012 Aug 22.'
    Pages: e79-e85
    Title: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis deaths associated with sinus irrigation using contaminated tap water
    Volume: 55
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19024
    _uuid: 2316e212-8f26-4828-8c38-86827dc8771e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/cid/cis626
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2316e212-8f26-4828-8c38-86827dc8771e.yaml
  identifier: 2316e212-8f26-4828-8c38-86827dc8771e
  uri: /reference/2316e212-8f26-4828-8c38-86827dc8771e
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Sercu, Bram; Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.; Murray, Jill L. S.; Holden, Patricia A.'
    DOI: 10.1021/es200981k
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Issue: 17
    Journal: Environmental Science & Technology
    Pages: 7151-7157
    Title: Sewage exfiltration as a source of storm drain contamination during dry weather in urban watersheds
    Volume: 45
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 18855
    _uuid: 235f4a57-2262-47cb-a0c0-a8df7c017e1d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1021/es200981k
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/235f4a57-2262-47cb-a0c0-a8df7c017e1d.yaml
  identifier: 235f4a57-2262-47cb-a0c0-a8df7c017e1d
  uri: /reference/235f4a57-2262-47cb-a0c0-a8df7c017e1d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Vereen, Ethell, Jr.; Lowrance, R. Richard; Jenkins, Michael B.; Adams, Paige; Rajeev, Sreekumari; Lipp, Erin K.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.028
    ISSN: 1879-2448
    Issue: 16
    Journal: Water Research
    Pages: 6075-6085
    Title: Landscape and seasonal factors influence Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in a rural mixed use watershed
    Volume: 47
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18867
    _uuid: 23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.028
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532.yaml
  identifier: 23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
  uri: /reference/23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: USFA
    Date Published: August
    Pages: 63
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Fire Administration'
    Title: Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2012
    URL: https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/ff_fat12.pdf
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18251
    _uuid: 236f2212-2b3d-4919-a675-239444643afc
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/fema-firefighter-fatalities-united-states-2012
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/236f2212-2b3d-4919-a675-239444643afc.yaml
  identifier: 236f2212-2b3d-4919-a675-239444643afc
  uri: /reference/236f2212-2b3d-4919-a675-239444643afc
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: Indigenous American communities face disproportionate health burdens and environmental health risks compared with the average North American population. These health impacts are issues of both environmental and reproductive justice. OBJECTIVES: In this commentary, we review five indigenous communities in various stages of environmental health research and discuss the intersection of environmental health and reproductive justice issues in these communities as well as the limitations of legal recourse. DISCUSSION: The health disparities impacting life expectancy and reproductive capabilities in indigenous communities are due to a combination of social, economic, and environmental factors. The system of federal environmental and Indian law is insufficient to protect indigenous communities from environmental contamination. Many communities are interested in developing appropriate research partnerships in order to discern the full impact of environmental contamination and prevent further damage. CONCLUSIONS: Continued research involving collaborative partnerships among scientific researchers, community members, and health care providers is needed to determine the impacts of this contamination and to develop approaches for remediation and policy interventions.'
    Author: 'Hoover, E.; Cook, K.; Plain, R.; Sanchez, K.; Waghiyi, V.; Miller, P.; Dufault, R.; Sislin, C.; Carpenter, D. O.'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205422
    Date: Dec
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 12
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Keywords: 'Canada; *Environmental Exposure; *Environmental Health; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Indians, North American; Reproduction; *Social Justice; United States'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "1552-9924 Hoover, Elizabeth Cook, Katsi Plain, Ron Sanchez, Kathy Waghiyi, Vi Miller, Pamela Dufault, Renee Sislin, Caitlin Carpenter, David O Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Dec;120(12):1645-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205422. Epub 2012 Aug 16."
    Pages: 1645-1649
    Title: 'Indigenous peoples of North America: Environmental exposures and reproductive justice'
    Volume: 120
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19084
    _uuid: 23de5705-632a-423f-acfc-9d0aae2e1c57
    reftype: Journal Article
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Davis, R. E.; Knappenberger, P. C.; Novicoff, W. M.; Michaels, P. J.'
    DOI: 10.3354/cr022175
    ISSN: 1616-1572
    Journal: Climate Research
    Pages: 175-184
    Title: Decadal changes in heat-related human mortality in the eastern United States
    Volume: 22
    Year: 2002
    _chapter: Ch2
    _record_number: 17591
    _uuid: 23f2225e-c4f5-45f0-9bab-1f3c97848dc2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3354/cr022175
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  identifier: 23f2225e-c4f5-45f0-9bab-1f3c97848dc2
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    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: '1. Over the past two decades, Ixodes scapularis, the primary tick vector of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi in North America has expanded its range northward from the USA to colonize new regions in southern Canada. We have previously projected range increases for I. scapularis based on temperature suitability, but to what extent this is matched by actual tick range expansion is unknown. 2. Since 1990, I. scapularis ticks have been collected across Canada offering a unique opportunity to track the range expansion of an arthropod vector. We used these data to model time-to-establishment for tick populations across Canada to identify factors influencing the rate of spread. 3. Our results point to both long-distance dispersal of ticks by migratory birds and local dispersal by resident hosts as important potential mechanisms underlying patterns of tick range expansion. 4. Temperature (accumulated degree days > 0 degrees C) was the most important determinant of environmental suitability for tick population establishment, suggesting that climate warming may facilitate range expansion. 5. Model projections suggest that I. scapularis range will expand c. 46 km year) 1 in the coming decade, with climate warming expected to increase the rate of spread. This expansion is likely to result in a substantial increase in human Lyme disease risk, with the proportion of the human population of eastern Canada inhabiting areas with established tick populations increasing from 18% in 2010 to over 80% by 2020. 6. This first empirical model of I. scapularis invasion supports theoretical range projections based on climate suitability and provides a unique data-driven estimate of the speed of northward range expansion for I. scapularis at the continental scale. 7. Synthesis and applications. By tracking I. scapularis invasion in Canada over the past two decades, we show that I. scapularis is rapidly expanding its range and is likely to colonize the most densely populated areas of southern Canada in the coming decade. These projections suggest that prompt action is necessary to prepare the Canadian public for a likely epidemic of Lyme disease, with emphasis on focusing surveillance activities to confirm the locations of emerging Lyme disease risk.'
    Author: 'Leighton, P. A.; Koffi, J. K.; Pelcat, Y.; Lindsay, L. R.; Ogden, N. H.'
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02112.x
    Date: Apr
    ISSN: 1365-2664
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Applied Ecology
    Keywords: 'acari: ixodidae; bird migration; borrelia burgdorferi; climate change; dispersal; emerging infectious disease; public health; species distribution; surveillance; survival time analysis; eastern united-states; borrelia-burgdorferi; fragmented landscapes; passive surveillance; habitat suitability; climate-change; ixodidae; acari; emergence; risk'
    Language: English
    Notes: 916BF Times Cited:22 Cited References Count:35
    Pages: 457-464
    Title: 'Predicting the speed of tick invasion: An empirical model of range expansion for the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in Canada'
    Volume: 49
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 17743
    _uuid: 240fe936-11ca-4d47-a234-a5533a96e248
    reftype: Journal Article
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Klein, Terry A.; Pacha, Laura A.; Lee, Hee-Choon S.; Kim, Heung-Chul; Lee, Won-Ja; Lee, Jong-Koo; Jeung, Gi-Gon; Sames, William J.; Gaydos, Joel C.'
    DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-01-4608
    ISSN: 1930-613X
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Military Medicine
    Pages: 412-418
    Title: 'Plasmodium vivax malaria among U.S. Forces Korea in the Republic of Korea, 1993-2007'
    Volume: 174
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 19251
    _uuid: 2420a523-8ebc-4513-bf7c-dc6ab3e9abad
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.7205/MILMED-D-01-4608
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  identifier: 2420a523-8ebc-4513-bf7c-dc6ab3e9abad
  uri: /reference/2420a523-8ebc-4513-bf7c-dc6ab3e9abad
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Emelko, Monica B.; Silins, Uldis; Bladon, Kevin D.; Stone, Micheal'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.051
    ISSN: 1879-2448
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Water Research
    Pages: 461-472
    Title: 'Implications of land disturbance on drinking water treatability in a changing climate: Demonstrating the need for "source water supply and protection" strategies'
    Volume: 45
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19186
    _uuid: 243f4b3b-7596-469f-ac11-3610ddb033f8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.051
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/243f4b3b-7596-469f-ac11-3610ddb033f8.yaml
  identifier: 243f4b3b-7596-469f-ac11-3610ddb033f8
  uri: /reference/243f4b3b-7596-469f-ac11-3610ddb033f8
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Caillouet, Kevin A.; Michaels, Sarah R.; Xiong, X.; Foppa, Ivo; Wesson, Dawn M.'
    DOI: 10.3201/eid1405.071066
    ISSN: 1080-6059
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
    Pages: 804-807
    Title: Increase in West Nile neuroinvasive disease after Hurricane Katrina
    Volume: 14
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 19207
    _uuid: 246569fc-019d-4f86-a64b-89320403246a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid1405.071066
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/246569fc-019d-4f86-a64b-89320403246a.yaml
  identifier: 246569fc-019d-4f86-a64b-89320403246a
  uri: /reference/246569fc-019d-4f86-a64b-89320403246a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 40 CFR Part 82
    Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on behalf of the United States Global Change Research Program
    Title: Request for Public Engagement in the Interagency Special Report on the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States
    URL: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-02-07/pdf/2014-02304.pdf
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 19306
    _uuid: 2466d08a-8dfe-4883-88e4-e6b5839dddd5
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/federalregister-40-cfr-part-82
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2466d08a-8dfe-4883-88e4-e6b5839dddd5.yaml
  identifier: 2466d08a-8dfe-4883-88e4-e6b5839dddd5
  uri: /reference/2466d08a-8dfe-4883-88e4-e6b5839dddd5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'An understanding of the spatial distribution of the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is a fundamental component in assessing human risk for Lyme disease in much of the United States. Although a county-level vector distribution map exists for the United States, its accuracy is limited by arbitrary categories of its reported presence. It is unknown whether reported positive areas can support established populations and whether negative areas are suitable for established populations. The steadily increasing range of I. scapularis in the United States suggests that all suitable habitats are not currently occupied. Therefore, we developed a spatially predictive logistic model for I. scapularis in the 48 conterminous states to improve the previous vector distribution map. We used ground-observed environmental data to predict the probability of established I. scapularis populations. The autologistic analysis showed that maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures as well as vapor pressure significantly contribute to population maintenance with an accuracy of 95% (p < 0.0001). A cutoff probability for habitat suitability was assessed by sensitivity analysis and was used to reclassify the previous distribution map. The spatially modeled relationship between I. scapularis presence and large-scale environmental data provides a robust suitability model that reveals essential environmental determinants of habitat suitability, predicts emerging areas of Lyme disease risk, and generates the future pattern of I. scapularis across the United States.'
    Author: 'Brownstein, John S.; Holford, Theodore R.; Fish, Durland'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6052
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Notes: '12842766[pmid] Environ Health Perspect'
    Pages: 1152-1157
    Title: A climate-based model predicts the spatial distribution of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in the United States
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2003
    _record_number: 18337
    _uuid: 2471c8e7-348f-40c2-9a28-0d46d3d1f1df
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.6052
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2471c8e7-348f-40c2-9a28-0d46d3d1f1df.yaml
  identifier: 2471c8e7-348f-40c2-9a28-0d46d3d1f1df
  uri: /reference/2471c8e7-348f-40c2-9a28-0d46d3d1f1df
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "Distribution of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, is poorly defined in Ontario. An endemic population is known on Long Point peninsula, Lake Erie, Ontario, but I. scapularis adults have also been collected from other localities within the province. To test the hypothesis that distribution of the blacklegged tick is limited by cold climatic extremes, 35 fed female, 70 unfed adult, and 70 unfed nymphal I. scapularis were held in containers within four natural habitats on Long Point (42 degrees 36' N; 80 degrees 5' W) and at northern localities near Ottawa (45 degrees 27' N; 75 degrees 42' W), Hearst (49 degrees 40' N; 83 degrees 41' W), and Kenora (49 degrees 47' N; 94 degrees 29' W), Ontario, from early December 1991 until May 1993. At the northern localities, 84.8 and 30.5% of fed females and unfed adults survived overwinter, respectively. On Long Point, 56.4% of fed females and 23.6% of unfed adults successfully overwintered. Longevity of fed females and unfed adults was increased by > 2 mo at the northern localities compared with Long Point, although survival rates for unfed nymphs at the northern sites and on Long Point were similar. Females within the four habitats on Long Point, and at Kenora and Ottawa, laid eggs from late April to mid-May, whereas eggs were deposited in late June at Hearst. Emergence of larvae from eggs began in late July or early August on Long Point and at Ottawa. Larvae were first observed in early October at Kenora, and no larvae emerged during 1992 at Hearst. Some eggs that overwintered during 1992-1993 at the northern sites were viable; however, hatching rate was < 10%. The minimum duration of the life cycle of I. scapularis is extended when ticks are introduced into regions of the province with seasonal degree-day accumulations lower than those observed on Long Point. Delays in deposition of eggs and emergence of larvae at Hearst and Kenora were likely a result of insufficient accumulation of degree-days above threshold temperatures for development in 1992. Though some eggs can overwinter successfully, suggesting that latitude-related reduction in seasonal temperature may not limit distribution of this tick in Ontario, hatchability was low. This factor, combined with innate incremental mortality at each instar, difficulty in finding a mate, and low density of medium to large mammal hosts for adults, may mitigate against establishment of I. scapularis by introduction of individual ticks into certain northern regions."
    Author: 'Lindsay, L. R.; Barker, I. K.; Surgeoner, G. A.; McEwen, S. A.; Gillespie, T. J.; Robinson, J. T.'
    DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/32.2.143
    Date: Mar
    ISSN: 1938-2928
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Medical Entomology
    Keywords: Animals; *Cold Climate; Female; Larva; Nymph; Ontario; Oviposition; Ticks/*growth & development
    Notes: "Lindsay, L R Barker, I K Surgeoner, G A McEwen, S A Gillespie, T J Robinson, J T eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 1995/03/01 J Med Entomol. 1995 Mar;32(2):143-52."
    Pages: 143-152
    Title: 'Survival and development of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) under various climatic conditions in Ontario, Canada'
    Volume: 32
    Year: 1995
    _record_number: 18012
    _uuid: 248a40d4-9638-4e22-ac87-aa9184159d25
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/jmedent/32.2.143
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  uri: /reference/248a40d4-9638-4e22-ac87-aa9184159d25
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Grifferty, A.; Barrington, S.'
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020011x
    ISSN: 1537-2537
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Environmental Quality
    Pages: 443-446
    Title: Zinc uptake by young wheat plants under two transpiration regimes
    Volume: 29
    Year: 2000
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17908
    _uuid: 24aa2b5f-db54-4fcc-b2df-f0161076de79
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020011x
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/24aa2b5f-db54-4fcc-b2df-f0161076de79.yaml
  identifier: 24aa2b5f-db54-4fcc-b2df-f0161076de79
  uri: /reference/24aa2b5f-db54-4fcc-b2df-f0161076de79
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: During the summer of 2003 numerous fires burned in British Columbia, Canada. OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations between respiratory and cardiovascular physician visits and hospital admissions, and three measures of smoke exposure over a 92-day study period (1 July to 30 September 2003). METHODS: A population-based cohort of 281,711 residents was identified from administrative data. Spatially specific daily exposure estimates were assigned to each subject based on total measurements of particulate matter (PM) ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) from six regulatory tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) air quality monitors, smoke-related PM10 from a CALPUFF dispersion model run for the study, and a SMOKE exposure metric for plumes visible in satellite images. Logistic regression with repeated measures was used to estimate associations with each outcome. RESULTS: The mean (± SD) exposure based on TEOM-measured PM10 was 29 ± 31 μg/m3, with an interquartile range of 14-31 μg/m3. Correlations between the TEOM, smoke, and CALPUFF metrics were moderate (0.37-0.76). Odds ratios (ORs) for a 30-μg/m3 increase in TEOM-based PM10 were 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.06] for all respiratory physician visits, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.09-1.23) for asthma-specific visits, and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.00-1.29) for respiratory hospital admissions. Associations with cardiovascular outcomes were largely null. CONCLUSIONS: Overall we found that increases in TEOM-measured PM10 were associated with increased odds of respiratory physician visits and hospital admissions, but not with cardiovascular health outcomes. Results indicating effects of fire smoke on respiratory outcomes are consistent with previous studies, as are the null results for cardiovascular outcomes. Some agreement between TEOM and the other metrics suggests that exposure assessment tools that are independent of air quality monitoring may be useful with further refinement.'
    Author: "Henderson, S. B.\rBrauer, M.\rMacnab, Y. C.\rKennedy, S. M."
    Author Address: 'School of Environmental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. sarah.henderson@ubc.ca'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002288
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Keywords: "Adolescent\rAdult\rAged\rAged, 80 and over\rAir Pollutants\rBritish Columbia\rCardiovascular Diseases\rChild\rCohort Studies\rEnvironmental Monitoring\rEpidemiological Monitoring\rFemale\rFires\rHospitalization\rHumans\rInfant\rInfant, Newborn\rLogistic Models\rMale\rMiddle Aged\rModels, Theoretical\rOffice Visits\rParticulate Matter\rRemote Sensing Technology\rRespiratory Tract Diseases\rYoung Adult"
    Notes: "Journal Article,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
    Pages: 1266-1271
    Title: Three measures of forest fire smoke exposure and their associations with respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes in a population-based cohort
    URL: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3230386?pdf=render
    Volume: 119
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 4200
    _uuid: 250b4ec3-1264-4570-8417-c00e6d8752a8
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Mail, GA; McHugh, RA'
    Journal: Mosquito News
    Pages: 252-254
    Title: Relation of temperature and humidity to winter survival of Culex pipiens and Culex tarsalis
    Volume: 21
    Year: 1961
    _record_number: 18342
    _uuid: 253e75bb-b200-47a1-9e22-640d6ebce376
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/relation-temperature-humidity-survival
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/253e75bb-b200-47a1-9e22-640d6ebce376.yaml
  identifier: 253e75bb-b200-47a1-9e22-640d6ebce376
  uri: /reference/253e75bb-b200-47a1-9e22-640d6ebce376
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Gwynn, R. Charon; Thurston, George D.'
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: s4
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    PMC: 1240572
    Pages: 501-506
    Title: 'The burden of air pollution: Impacts among racial minorities'
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240572/pdf/ehp109s-000501.pdf
    Volume: 109
    Year: 2001
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17850
    _uuid: 254511df-3cbb-42e6-97f2-78617479c039
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmc-11544154
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/254511df-3cbb-42e6-97f2-78617479c039.yaml
  identifier: 254511df-3cbb-42e6-97f2-78617479c039
  uri: /reference/254511df-3cbb-42e6-97f2-78617479c039
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Vugia, D; Cronquist, A; Hadler, J; Tobin-D'Angelo, M; Blythe, D; Smith, K; Thornton, K; Morse, D; Cieslak, P; Jones, T; Holt, K; Guzewich, J; Henao, O; Scallan, E; Angulo, F; Griffin, P; Tauxe, R; Barzilay, E"
    ISSN: 1545-861X
    Issue: 14
    Journal: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    PMID: 16617286
    Pages: 392-395
    Title: 'Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 States, United States, 2005'
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5514a2.htm
    Volume: 55
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 18807
    _uuid: 257216b0-b8a8-499a-bada-acd22a140480
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-16617286
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/257216b0-b8a8-499a-bada-acd22a140480.yaml
  identifier: 257216b0-b8a8-499a-bada-acd22a140480
  uri: /reference/257216b0-b8a8-499a-bada-acd22a140480
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Beatty, Mark E.; Phelps, Scot; Rohner, Chris; Weisfuse, Isaac'
    DOI: 10.1177/003335490612100109
    ISSN: 1468-2877
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Public Health Reports
    PMC: 1497795
    PMCID: PMC1497795
    Pages: 36-44
    Title: 'Blackout of 2003: Health effects and emergency responses'
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497795
    Volume: 121
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 19183
    _uuid: 25c22917-41da-4f27-82db-1d40c3b4f677
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmc-1497795
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/25c22917-41da-4f27-82db-1d40c3b4f677.yaml
  identifier: 25c22917-41da-4f27-82db-1d40c3b4f677
  uri: /reference/25c22917-41da-4f27-82db-1d40c3b4f677
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Loladze, Irakli'
    DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9
    ISSN: 1872-8383
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution
    Pages: 457-461
    Title: 'Rising atmospheric CO2 and human nutrition: Toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry?'
    Volume: 17
    Year: 2002
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 16202
    _uuid: 25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190.yaml
  identifier: 25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190
  uri: /reference/25f24b69-e072-4bba-9a18-282938f62190
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kerr, Zachary Y.; Casa, Douglas J.; Marshall, Stephen W.; Comstock, R. Dawn'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.09.058
    ISSN: 0749-3797
    Issue: 1
    Journal: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    Pages: 8-14
    Title: Epidemiology of exertional heat illness among U.S. high school athletes
    Volume: 44
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 16402
    _uuid: 25f571e6-7b69-4057-8b25-d698dc7cc398
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.09.058
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/25f571e6-7b69-4057-8b25-d698dc7cc398.yaml
  identifier: 25f571e6-7b69-4057-8b25-d698dc7cc398
  uri: /reference/25f571e6-7b69-4057-8b25-d698dc7cc398
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Eskenazi, Brenda; Rosas, Lisa G.; Marks, Amy R.; Bradman, Asa; Harley, Kim; Holland, Nina; Johnson, Caroline; Fenster, Laura; Barr, Dana B.'
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00171.x
    ISSN: 1742-7835
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
    Pages: 228-236
    Title: Pesticide toxicity and the developing brain
    Volume: 102
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 19111
    _uuid: 26215c80-7597-4dd2-85c1-e99ca37ca921
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00171.x
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/26215c80-7597-4dd2-85c1-e99ca37ca921.yaml
  identifier: 26215c80-7597-4dd2-85c1-e99ca37ca921
  uri: /reference/26215c80-7597-4dd2-85c1-e99ca37ca921
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Jhun, Iny; Fann, Neal; Zanobetti, Antonella; Hubbell, Bryan'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.009
    ISSN: 0160-4120
    Journal: Environment International
    Pages: 128-134
    Title: Effect modification of ozone-related mortality risks by temperature in 97 US cities
    Volume: 73
    Year: 2014
    _chapter: Ch3
    _record_number: 16114
    _uuid: 2665e2d1-a6e6-48ea-93ec-d8f0b1c33e40
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.009
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2665e2d1-a6e6-48ea-93ec-d8f0b1c33e40.yaml
  identifier: 2665e2d1-a6e6-48ea-93ec-d8f0b1c33e40
  uri: /reference/2665e2d1-a6e6-48ea-93ec-d8f0b1c33e40
- attrs:
    .publisher: 'John Wiley & Sons, Ltd'
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Linnenluecke, Martina K.; Griffiths, Andrew; Winn, Monika'
    DOI: 10.1002/bse.708
    ISSN: 0964-4733
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Business Strategy and the Environment
    Keywords: organizational adaptation; organizational resilience; climate change impacts; extreme weather events; ecological discontinuities; business strategy; sustainability management; organizational capacity building
    Pages: 17-32
    Title: Extreme weather events and the critical importance of anticipatory adaptation and organizational resilience in responding to impacts
    Volume: 21
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 18990
    _uuid: 266c7d9e-02ce-4ecf-929f-37a25aa07eea
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/bse.708
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/266c7d9e-02ce-4ecf-929f-37a25aa07eea.yaml
  identifier: 266c7d9e-02ce-4ecf-929f-37a25aa07eea
  uri: /reference/266c7d9e-02ce-4ecf-929f-37a25aa07eea
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Miraglia, M.; Marvin, H. J. P.; Kleter, G. A.; Battilani, P.; Brera, C.; Coni, E.; Cubadda, F.; Croci, L.; De Santis, B.; Dekkers, S.; Filippi, L.; Hutjes, R. W. A.; Noordam, M. Y.; Pisante, M.; Piva, G.; Prandini, A.; Toti, L.; van den Born, G. J.; Vespermann, A.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.005
    ISSN: 0278-6915
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Food and Chemical Toxicology
    Pages: 1009-1021
    Title: 'Climate change and food safety: An emerging issue with special focus on Europe'
    Volume: 47
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17927
    _uuid: 2688cf64-d71f-4e21-84ad-f5cae499ed61
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.005
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2688cf64-d71f-4e21-84ad-f5cae499ed61.yaml
  identifier: 2688cf64-d71f-4e21-84ad-f5cae499ed61
  uri: /reference/2688cf64-d71f-4e21-84ad-f5cae499ed61
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "The present research examines whether collective guilt for an ingroup's collective greenhouse gas emissions mediates the effects of beliefs about the causes and effects of global warming on willingness to engage in mitigation behavior. In Study 1, we manipulate the causes and effects of global warming and then measure collective guilt. Results demonstrate that collective guilt for Americans' greenhouse gas emissions is stronger when participants believe that global warming is caused by humans and will have minor effects. Study 2 employs the same manipulations and then measures collective guilt and collective anxiety, as well as willingness to conserve energy and pay green taxes. This study replicates the effect from Study 1 and rules out collective anxiety as a plausible alternative mediator. Collective guilt for Americans' greenhouse emissions was the only reliable mediator of the effect of beliefs about global warming on willingness to engage in mitigation behaviors. The importance of collective guilt as a tool for promoting global warming mitigation is discussed."
    Author: 'Ferguson, Mark A.; Branscombe, Nyla R.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.11.010
    ISSN: 0272-4944
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Environmental Psychology
    Keywords: Collective guilt; Proenvironmental behavior; Global warming; Social identity; Collective emotions; Conservation psychology
    Pages: 135-142
    Title: Collective guilt mediates the effect of beliefs about global warming on willingness to engage in mitigation behavior
    Volume: 30
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 18088
    _uuid: 26a30317-5e80-4272-9f1e-eb6d2a800a4d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.11.010
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/26a30317-5e80-4272-9f1e-eb6d2a800a4d.yaml
  identifier: 26a30317-5e80-4272-9f1e-eb6d2a800a4d
  uri: /reference/26a30317-5e80-4272-9f1e-eb6d2a800a4d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: CDC
    Issue: 31
    Journal: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    Pages: 770-780
    Title: 'Notice to readers: Final 2004 reports of Notifiable Diseases'
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5431a4.htm
    Volume: 54
    Year: 2005
    _record_number: 16512
    _uuid: 27249179-b5c5-4505-8721-2e244d326865
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/mmwr-2004-reports
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/27249179-b5c5-4505-8721-2e244d326865.yaml
  identifier: 27249179-b5c5-4505-8721-2e244d326865
  uri: /reference/27249179-b5c5-4505-8721-2e244d326865
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    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "BACKGROUND: After a natural disaster, mental disorders often become a long-term public health concern. Previous studies under smaller-scale natural disaster conditions suggest loss of psychosocial resources is associated with psychological distress. METHODS: We examined the occurrence of depression 6 and 12 months postpartum among 208 women residing in New Orleans and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, who were pregnant during or immediately after Hurricane Katrina's landfall. Based on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we explored the contribution of both tangible/financial and nontangible (psychosocial) loss of resources (LOR) on the outcome of depression, measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). We also investigated the influence on depression of individuals' hurricane experience through a Hurricane Experience Score (HES) that includes such factors as witnessing death, contact with flood waters, and injury to self or family members. RESULTS: Both tangible and nontangible LOR were associated with depression cross-sectionally and prospectively. Severe hurricane exposure (high HES) was also associated with depression. Regression analysis showed LOR-associated depression was explained almost entirely by nontangible rather than tangible factors. Consistent with COR theory, however, nontangible LOR explained some of the association between severe hurricane exposure and depression in our models. A similar result was seen prospectively for depression at 12 months, even controlling for depression symptoms at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the need for preventive measures aimed at preserving psychosocial resources to reduce the long-term effects of disasters."
    Author: 'Ehrlich, M.; Harville, E.; Xiong, X.; Buekens, P.; Pridjian, G.; Elkind-Hirsch, K.'
    DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1693
    Date: May
    ISSN: 1931-843X
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of Women's Health
    Keywords: 'Adolescent; Adult; *Cyclonic Storms/economics; Depression, Postpartum/*epidemiology; *Disasters/economics; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Louisiana/epidemiology; Mental Health; Pregnancy; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology'
    Language: eng
    Notes: '1931-843x Ehrlich, Matthew Harville, Emily Xiong, Xu Buekens, Pierre Pridjian, Gabriella Elkind-Hirsch, Karen K12HD043451/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States R21 MH078185/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural United States J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 May;19(5):877-84. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1693.'
    Pages: 877-884
    Title: Loss of resources and hurricane experience as predictors of postpartum depression among women in southern Louisiana
    Volume: 19
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 18085
    _uuid: 27361652-30d6-4dda-a6fe-5008e32ee66e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1089/jwh.2009.1693
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/27361652-30d6-4dda-a6fe-5008e32ee66e.yaml
  identifier: 27361652-30d6-4dda-a6fe-5008e32ee66e
  uri: /reference/27361652-30d6-4dda-a6fe-5008e32ee66e
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Abara, W.; Wilson, S.M.; Burwell, K.'
    DOI: 10.1089/env.2010.0043
    ISSN: 1937-5174
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Environmental Justice
    Pages: 8-20
    Title: 'Environmental justice and infectious disease: Gaps, issues, and research needs'
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19081
    _uuid: 275b1d4d-6e64-48e6-86b1-d9864a994044
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1089/env.2010.0043
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/275b1d4d-6e64-48e6-86b1-d9864a994044.yaml
  identifier: 275b1d4d-6e64-48e6-86b1-d9864a994044
  uri: /reference/275b1d4d-6e64-48e6-86b1-d9864a994044
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "BACKGROUND: The effects of weather on West Nile virus (WNV) mosquito populations in the United States have been widely reported, but few studies assess their overall impact on transmission to humans. OBJECTIVES: We investigated meteorologic conditions associated with reported human WNV cases in the United States. METHODS: We conducted a case-crossover study to assess 16,298 human WNV cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2001 to 2005. The primary outcome measures were the incidence rate ratio of disease occurrence associated with mean weekly maximum temperature, cumulative weekly temperature, mean weekly dew point temperature, cumulative weekly precipitation, and the presence of > or = 1 day of heavy rainfall (> or = 50 mm) during the month prior to symptom onset. RESULTS: Increasing weekly maximum temperature and weekly cumulative temperature were similarly and significantly associated with a 35-83% higher incidence of reported WNV infection over the next month. An increase in mean weekly dew point temperature was significantly associated with a 9-38% higher incidence over the subsequent 3 weeks. The presence of at least 1 day of heavy rainfall within a week was associated with a 29-66% higher incidence during the same week and over the subsequent 2 weeks. A 20-mm increase in cumulative weekly precipitation was significantly associated with a 4-8% increase in incidence of reported WNV infection over the subsequent 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Warmer temperatures, elevated humidity, and heavy precipitation increased the rate of human WNV infection in the United States independent of season and each others' effects."
    Author: 'Soverow, J. E.; Wellenius, G. A.; Fisman, D. N.; Mittleman, M. A.'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800487
    Date: Jul
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Keywords: Animals; *Greenhouse Effect; Humans; Humidity; Insect Vectors/virology; Rain; Temperature; United States; *Weather; West Nile Fever/epidemiology/*transmission/virology; West Nile virus/*physiology
    Notes: 'Soverow, Jonathan E Wellenius, Gregory A Fisman, David N Mittleman, Murray A eng F32-ES013804/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ K99 ES015774/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ K99 ES015774-02/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ K99-ES015774/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P01-ES009825/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R00 ES015774/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 2009/08/06 09:00 Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Jul;117(7):1049-52. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800487. Epub 2009 Mar 16.'
    Pages: 1049-1052
    Title: 'Infectious disease in a warming world: How weather influenced West Nile virus in the United States (2001–2005)'
    Volume: 117
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 18038
    _uuid: 27a5a1a9-3bcd-4b5d-a57a-b1f452058253
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.0800487
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  uri: /reference/27a5a1a9-3bcd-4b5d-a57a-b1f452058253
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Keppel, K.G.'
    DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm044
    ISSN: 0002-9262
    Issue: 1
    Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
    Pages: 97-103
    Title: Ten largest racial and ethnic health disparities in the United States based on Healthy People 2010 objectives
    URL: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/166/1/97.full.pdf+html
    Volume: 166
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1654
    _uuid: 27dc34c7-af90-41db-9e6d-7cc5bf34e6cf
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/kwm044
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/27dc34c7-af90-41db-9e6d-7cc5bf34e6cf.yaml
  identifier: 27dc34c7-af90-41db-9e6d-7cc5bf34e6cf
  uri: /reference/27dc34c7-af90-41db-9e6d-7cc5bf34e6cf
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Dausman, A.; Langevin, C.D.'
    ISBN: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5256
    Pages: 73
    Place Published: 'Reston, VA'
    Title: 'Movement of the Saltwater Interface in the Surficial Aquifer System in Response to Hydrologic Stresses and Water-Management Practices, Broward County, Florida'
    URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5256/pdf/sir20045256.pdf
    Year: 2005
    _record_number: 18607
    _uuid: 27df9637-d8ef-498a-8c68-45761ebca010
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/usgs-sciinvesrep-2004-5256
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/27df9637-d8ef-498a-8c68-45761ebca010.yaml
  identifier: 27df9637-d8ef-498a-8c68-45761ebca010
  uri: /reference/27df9637-d8ef-498a-8c68-45761ebca010
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Booth, Shawn; Zeller, Dirk'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7603
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Notes: 'Ch6, Ch9'
    Pages: 521-526
    Title: 'Mercury, food webs, and marine mammals: Implications of diet and climate change for human health'
    Volume: 113
    Year: 2005
    _chapter: 'Ch6, Ch9'
    _record_number: 17829
    _uuid: 28025deb-e0a3-4b76-b1d4-770bc897aa71
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.7603
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/28025deb-e0a3-4b76-b1d4-770bc897aa71.yaml
  identifier: 28025deb-e0a3-4b76-b1d4-770bc897aa71
  uri: /reference/28025deb-e0a3-4b76-b1d4-770bc897aa71
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Jan, Sophia; Lurie, Nicole'
    DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1213492
    ISSN: 1533-4406
    Issue: 24
    Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
    Pages: 2272-2273
    Title: Disaster resilience and people with functional needs
    Volume: 367
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17641
    _uuid: 284221c6-17f2-4831-9945-1ab4df445e28
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1056/NEJMp1213492
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/284221c6-17f2-4831-9945-1ab4df445e28.yaml
  identifier: 284221c6-17f2-4831-9945-1ab4df445e28
  uri: /reference/284221c6-17f2-4831-9945-1ab4df445e28
- attrs:
    .publisher: Emerald
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Purpose ? The purpose of this paper is to assess the severity of social and economic impact of floods on the communities and industries with respect to their reliance on the flood impacted critical infrastructure. This paper illustrates a severity assessment tool to determine the reduced serviceability level of critical infrastructure after a disaster, how the change in serviceability impacts activities of associated communities and industries, and the resulting social and economic impact.Design/methodology/approach ? The results presented in this paper are a part of a larger research designed to develop a decision support system for disaster impact mitigation. This research evaluated the impact of floods as a natural hazard on infrastructure and the related industries and communities in terms of criticality and vulnerability of infrastructure and the severity of social and economic impact if the critical infrastructure were to be affected. The overall research focused on the 2008 Midwest floods for the required data collection (including the cities of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Terre Haute, Indiana, St Louis, Missouri, Gulfport and Des Plaines, Illinois). Relevant data were collected through questionnaire surveys, personal interviews, and site visits.Findings ? The data collected through this research highlighted the importance of relationship between infrastructure, communities and industries with respect to technical, social and economic aspects. While the overall research resulted in a Decision Support System with three modules, to assess criticality, vulnerability and severity, this paper only elaborates the Severity Assessment Tool (SAT). Serviceability of an infrastructure plays an important role in post disaster recovery and response. Reduction in the serviceability of an infrastructure also affects the functionality of the activities that depend on the affected infrastructure resulting in social and economic impact. The tool presented in this paper determines the severity of social and economic impact by evaluating the reduction in the functionality of the affected activities.Originality/Value ? The model (SAT) presented in this paper determines the social and economic impact on communities and industries due to natural disaster when the serviceability of disaster impacted critical infrastructure is impaired. This tool can be effectively used by city managers as well as emergency planners for industries and communities in developing mitigation strategies based on the severity of social and economic impact due to the affected critical infrastructure. The results would also help the decision makers in arriving at more effective investment decisions to repair/rehabilitate certain critical infrastructure.'
    Author: 'Deshmukh, Abhijeet; Ho Oh, Eun; Hastak, Makarand'
    DOI: 10.1108/20441241111180415
    Date: 2011/11/18
    ISSN: 2044-124X
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Built Environment Project and Asset Management
    Pages: 156-175
    Title: Impact of flood damaged critical infrastructure on communities and industries
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19012
    _uuid: 28cd1db6-3801-448c-8d00-6cf7e94470d3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1108/20441241111180415
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/28cd1db6-3801-448c-8d00-6cf7e94470d3.yaml
  identifier: 28cd1db6-3801-448c-8d00-6cf7e94470d3
  uri: /reference/28cd1db6-3801-448c-8d00-6cf7e94470d3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    .text_styles: '<record><field id="4"><run start="0" /><run face="italic" start="61" /><run start="82" /></field></record>'
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: Northward expansion of the tick Ixodes scapularis is driving Lyme disease (LD) emergence in Canada. Information on mechanisms involved is needed to enhance surveillance and identify where LD risk is emerging. OBJECTIVES: We used passive and active surveillance and phylogeographic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi to investigate LD risk emergence in Quebec. METHODS: In active surveillance, we collected ticks from the environment and from captured rodents. B. burgdorferi transmission was detected by serological analysis of rodents and by polymerase chain reaction assays of ticks. Spatiotemporal trends in passive surveillance data assisted interpretation of active surveillance. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of B. burgdorferi in ticks identified likely source locations of B. burgdorferi. RESULTS: In active surveillance, we found I. scapularis at 55% of sites, and we were more likely to find them at sites with a warmer climate. B. burgdorferi was identified at 13 I. scapularis-positive sites, but infection prevalence in ticks and animal hosts was low. Low infection prevalence in ticks submitted in passive surveillance after 2004-from the tick-positive regions identified in active surveillance-coincided with an exponential increase in tick submissions during this time. MLST analysis suggested recent introduction of B. burgdorferi from the northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with I. scapularis ticks dispersed from the United States by migratory birds, founding populations where the climate is warmest, and then establishment of B. burgdorferi from the United States several years after I. scapularis have established. These observations provide vital information for public health to minimize the impact of LD in Canada.'
    Accession Number: 20421192
    Author: "Ogden, N. H.\rBouchard, C.\rKurtenbach, K.\rMargos, G.\rLindsay, L. R.\rTrudel, L.\rNguon, S.\rMilord, F."
    Author Address: 'Centre for Food-Borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada. nicholas_ogden@phac-aspc.gc.ca'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901766
    Database Provider: NLM
    Date: Jul
    Epub Date: 2010/04/28
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Keywords: "Animals\rBorrelia burgdorferi/classification/ genetics\rCluster Analysis\rCommunicable Diseases, Emerging/ epidemiology/microbiology\rDemography\rGenetic Variation\rHumans\rIxodes/ microbiology\rLogistic Models\rLyme Disease/ epidemiology/microbiology\rPhylogeny\rPopulation Surveillance/methods\rQuebec/epidemiology\rRodentia/ parasitology\rSequence Analysis, DNA\rTick Infestations/epidemiology/ veterinary"
    Language: eng
    Notes: "Ogden, Nicholas H\rBouchard, Catherine\rKurtenbach, Klaus\rMargos, Gabriele\rLindsay, L Robbin\rTrudel, Louise\rNguon, Soulyvane\rMilord, Francois\rResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't\rUnited States\rEnviron Health Perspect. 2010 Jul;118(7):909-14. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901766. Epub 2010 Mar 25."
    PMCID: 2920908
    Pages: 909-914
    Title: Active and passive surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi elucidate the process of Lyme disease risk emergence in Canada
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920908/pdf/ehp-118-909.pdf
    Volume: 118
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 4236
    _uuid: 2970d11e-802d-4df1-b0b4-e1f0684e7425
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.0901766
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2970d11e-802d-4df1-b0b4-e1f0684e7425.yaml
  identifier: 2970d11e-802d-4df1-b0b4-e1f0684e7425
  uri: /reference/2970d11e-802d-4df1-b0b4-e1f0684e7425
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "The population densities of many organisms have changed dramatically in recent history. Increases in the population density of medically relevant organisms are of particular importance to public health as they are often correlated with the emergence of infectious diseases in human populations. Our aim is to delineate increases in density of a common disease vector in North America, the blacklegged tick, and to identify the environmental factors correlated with these population dynamics. Empirical data that capture the growth of a population are often necessary to identify environmental factors associated with these dynamics. We analyzed temporally-and spatially-structured field collected data in a geographical information systems framework to describe the population growth of blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and to identify environmental and climatic factors correlated with these dynamics. The density of the ticks increased throughout the study's temporal and spatial ranges. Tick density increases were positively correlated with mild temperatures, low precipitation, low forest cover, and high urbanization. Importantly, models that accounted for these environmental factors accurately forecast future tick densities across the region. Tick density increased annually along the south-to-north gradient. These trends parallel the increases in human incidences of diseases commonly vectored by I. scapularis. For example, I. scapularis densities are correlated with human Lyme disease incidence, albeit in a non-linear manner that disappears at low tick densities, potentially indicating that a threshold tick density is needed to support epidemiologically-relevant levels of the Lyme disease bacterium. Our results demonstrate a connection between the biogeography of this species and public health."
    Author: 'Khatchikian, C. E.; Prusinski, M.; Stone, M.; Backenson, P. B.; Wang, I. N.; Levy, M. Z.; Brisson, D.'
    DOI: 10.1890/ES12-00134.1
    Date: Oct
    ISSN: 2150-8925
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Ecosphere
    Keywords: blacklegged ticks; density increase; emerging zoonoses; geographic information systems; gis; ixodes scapularis; climate-based model; southern new-york; united-states; range expansion; acari ixodidae; forest fragmentation; borrelia-burgdorferi; habitat suitability; tick; risk
    Language: English
    Notes: 256IP Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:63
    Pages: art85
    Title: Geographical and environmental factors driving the increase in the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis
    Volume: 3
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 17740
    _uuid: 297319d1-b7dc-4211-8ff4-1f6d42d86a7f
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1890/ES12-00134.1
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "CONTEXT: Ozone has been associated with various adverse health effects, including increased rates of hospital admissions and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Although numerous time-series studies have estimated associations between day-to-day variation in ozone levels and mortality counts, results have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether short-term (daily and weekly) exposure to ambient ozone is associated with mortality in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using analytical methods and databases developed for the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study, we estimated a national average relative rate of mortality associated with short-term exposure to ambient ozone for 95 large US urban communities from 1987-2000. We used distributed-lag models for estimating community-specific relative rates of mortality adjusted for time-varying confounders (particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends) and hierarchical models for combining relative rates across communities to estimate a national average relative rate, taking into account spatial heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Daily counts of total non-injury-related mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 95 large US communities during a 14-year period. RESULTS: A 10-ppb increase in the previous week's ozone was associated with a 0.52% increase in daily mortality (95% posterior interval [PI], 0.27%-0.77%) and a 0.64% increase in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (95% PI, 0.31%-0.98%). Effect estimates for aggregate ozone during the previous week were larger than for models considering only a single day's exposure. Results were robust to adjustment for particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a statistically significant association between short-term changes in ozone and mortality on average for 95 large US urban communities, which include about 40% of the total US population. The findings indicate that this widespread pollutant adversely affects public health."
    Author: 'Bell, M. L.; McDermott, A.; Zeger, S. L.; Samet, J. M.; Dominici, F.'
    DOI: 10.1001/jama.292.19.2372
    Date: Nov 17
    ISSN: 0098-7484
    Issue: 19
    Journal: 'JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association'
    Keywords: Air Pollution/*adverse effects/analysis/statistics & numerical data; Humans; *Mortality; Ozone/*adverse effects/analysis; United States/epidemiology; Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data; Weather
    Pages: 2372-2378
    Title: 'Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000'
    Volume: 292
    Year: 2004
    _chapter: Ch10
    _record_number: 16535
    _uuid: 297b4513-6d8b-4f87-9c11-7aa89618fe2b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1001/jama.292.19.2372
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  identifier: 297b4513-6d8b-4f87-9c11-7aa89618fe2b
  uri: /reference/297b4513-6d8b-4f87-9c11-7aa89618fe2b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Bowden, Sarah E.; Magori, Krisztian; Drake, John M.'
    DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0134
    ISSN: 0002-9637
    Issue: 2
    Journal: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    Pages: 234-238
    Title: Regional differences in the association between land cover and West Nile virus disease incidence in humans in the United States
    Volume: 84
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19234
    _uuid: 29a5075b-957a-44d7-b403-409a7a3ecb6d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0134
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/29a5075b-957a-44d7-b403-409a7a3ecb6d.yaml
  identifier: 29a5075b-957a-44d7-b403-409a7a3ecb6d
  uri: /reference/29a5075b-957a-44d7-b403-409a7a3ecb6d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'MacDonald, G.M.'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909651107
    ISSN: 0027-8424
    Issue: 50
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Pages: 21256-21262
    Title: 'Water, climate change, and sustainability in the southwest'
    URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/107/50/21256.full.pdf
    Volume: 107
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 1830
    _uuid: 29c056a0-9f13-4eb6-8783-42fbac1302e1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.0909651107
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/29c056a0-9f13-4eb6-8783-42fbac1302e1.yaml
  identifier: 29c056a0-9f13-4eb6-8783-42fbac1302e1
  uri: /reference/29c056a0-9f13-4eb6-8783-42fbac1302e1
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "O’Neill, M.S.\rZanobetti, A.\rSchwartz, J."
    DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jti043
    ISSN: 1099-3460
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Urban Health
    Pages: 191-197
    Title: 'Disparities by race in heat-related mortality in four US cities: The role of air conditioning prevalence'
    Volume: 82
    Year: 2005
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 2335
    _uuid: 29da63ed-20d4-4ac6-9ec7-ac886a25c040
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/jurban/jti043
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/29da63ed-20d4-4ac6-9ec7-ac886a25c040.yaml
  identifier: 29da63ed-20d4-4ac6-9ec7-ac886a25c040
  uri: /reference/29da63ed-20d4-4ac6-9ec7-ac886a25c040
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Taylor, K.E.\rStouffer, R.J.\rMeehl, G.A."
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1
    ISSN: 0003-0007
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Pages: 485-498
    Title: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design
    URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1
    Volume: 93
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3017
    _uuid: 29dec54f-92a8-4543-93f1-941da4f4d750
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/29dec54f-92a8-4543-93f1-941da4f4d750.yaml
  identifier: 29dec54f-92a8-4543-93f1-941da4f4d750
  uri: /reference/29dec54f-92a8-4543-93f1-941da4f4d750
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Erwin, Paul C.; Jones, Timothy F.; Gerhardt, Reid R.; Halford, Sandy K.; Smith, A.Brent; Patterson, Lori E.R.; Gottfried, Kristy L.; Burkhalter, Kristen L.; Nasci, Roger S.; Schaffner, William'
    DOI: 10.1093/aje/155.11.1060
    ISSN: 1476-6256
    Issue: 11
    Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
    Pages: 1060-1065
    Title: 'La Crosse encephalitis in eastern Tennessee: Clinical, environmental, and entomological characteristics from a blinded cohort study'
    Volume: 155
    Year: 2002
    _record_number: 19243
    _uuid: 29f8bb6b-5788-4db2-829c-9bea04d5b4e3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/155.11.1060
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/29f8bb6b-5788-4db2-829c-9bea04d5b4e3.yaml
  identifier: 29f8bb6b-5788-4db2-829c-9bea04d5b4e3
  uri: /reference/29f8bb6b-5788-4db2-829c-9bea04d5b4e3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kriegler, Elmar; Edmonds, J.; Hallegatte, S.; Ebi, Kristie L.; Kram, T.; Riahi, Keywan; Winkler, Harald; van Vuuren, Detlef P.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-0971-5
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Climatic Change
    Pages: 401-414
    Title: 'A new scenario framework for climate change research: The concept of shared climate policy assumptions'
    Volume: 122
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 19267
    _uuid: 29fd1f2a-e150-457d-a423-c7d6528cd2e8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s10584-013-0971-5
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/29fd1f2a-e150-457d-a423-c7d6528cd2e8.yaml
  identifier: 29fd1f2a-e150-457d-a423-c7d6528cd2e8
  uri: /reference/29fd1f2a-e150-457d-a423-c7d6528cd2e8
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Although weather changes are known to cause asthma symptoms, their impact on asthma-related health-care utilization is poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between short-term outdoor temperature change and asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits among children 3-18 years of age in Detroit, Michigan, in 2000-2001. Descriptive analyses of patient and ED visit characteristics were performed. A case-crossover study utilizing time-stratified controls was conducted to determine the impact of maximum temperature change and change rate measured during 4-, 8-, 12-, and 24-hour periods. Multivariable conditional logistic regression demonstrated the relation between ED visits and temperature change after controlling for other weather and pollutant measures. There were 4,804 asthma-related ED visits during the study period, and they occurred most frequently in the fall and during morning hours. The case-crossover study showed a statistically significant inverse relation between ED visits and maximum 24-hour temperature change after adjustment for climatic factors (for temperature change, odds ratio = 0.992, P = 0.04; for temperature change rate, odds ratio 0.972, P = 0.01). The association persisted after air pollutant measures were added to the model, although the association was not significant. Despite the finding that a greater 24-hour temperature change decreased the risk of asthma-related ED visits, the overall results suggested a negligible association with short-term temperature change.'
    Author: 'Wasilevich, E. A.; Rabito, F.; Lefante, J.; Johnson, E.'
    DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws326
    Date: Oct 1
    ISSN: 1476-6256
    Issue: suppl 7
    Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
    Keywords: 'Adolescent; Asthma/ epidemiology/therapy; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Over Studies; Emergency Service, Hospital/ statistics & numerical data; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Michigan/epidemiology; Seasons; Temperature; Time Factors'
    Language: eng
    Notes: 'Wasilevich, Elizabeth A Rabito, Felicia Lefante, John Johnson, Eric United States Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Oct 1;176 Suppl 7:S123-30. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws326.'
    Pages: S123-S130
    Title: 'Short-term outdoor temperature change and emergency department visits for asthma among children: A case-crossover study'
    Volume: 176
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 5357
    _uuid: 2a0a09ec-bc6f-4662-9894-ff2ea09c1f57
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/kws326
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a0a09ec-bc6f-4662-9894-ff2ea09c1f57.yaml
  identifier: 2a0a09ec-bc6f-4662-9894-ff2ea09c1f57
  uri: /reference/2a0a09ec-bc6f-4662-9894-ff2ea09c1f57
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 'Battilani, P.; Rossi, V.; Giorni, P.; Pietri, A.; Gualla, A.; Van der Fels-Klerx, H. J.; Booij, C.J.H.; Moretti, A.; Logrieco, A.; Miglietta, F.; Toscano, P.; Miraglia, M.; De Santis, B.; Brera, C.'
    ISBN: Question No. EFSA-Q-2009-00812
    Place Published: 'Parma, Italy'
    Publisher: European Food Safety Authority
    Title: 'Modelling, Predicting and Mapping the Emergence of Aflatoxins in Cereals in the EU due to Climate Change'
    URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/223e.pdf
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19314
    _uuid: 2a6bebd9-392c-4139-871f-933cd834f39a
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/modelling-predicting-mapping-emergence-aflatoxins-cereals-eu-due
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a6bebd9-392c-4139-871f-933cd834f39a.yaml
  identifier: 2a6bebd9-392c-4139-871f-933cd834f39a
  uri: /reference/2a6bebd9-392c-4139-871f-933cd834f39a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 16
    Author: BLS
    Date Published: 'June 11, 2014'
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics'
    Title: 'Economic News Release: Table A. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Disability Status and Age, 2012 and 2013 Annual Averages'
    URL: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/disabl.a.htm
    Year: 2015
    _record_number: 18282
    _uuid: 2a70cfe6-5161-4af3-b0b7-0c2a818f96c0
    reftype: Web Page
  child_publication: /webpage/f8f17cc6-5819-4248-bc33-c682c90ea03b
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a70cfe6-5161-4af3-b0b7-0c2a818f96c0.yaml
  identifier: 2a70cfe6-5161-4af3-b0b7-0c2a818f96c0
  uri: /reference/2a70cfe6-5161-4af3-b0b7-0c2a818f96c0
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Agho, Kingsley; Stevens, Garry; Taylor, Mel; Barr, Margo; Raphael, Beverley'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.007
    ISSN: 0013-9351
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Environmental Research
    Pages: 756-763
    Title: Population risk perceptions of global warming in Australia
    Volume: 110
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: Ch8
    _record_number: 16352
    _uuid: 2a7f3b81-6429-4752-904e-7f5fa3686d29
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.007
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a7f3b81-6429-4752-904e-7f5fa3686d29.yaml
  identifier: 2a7f3b81-6429-4752-904e-7f5fa3686d29
  uri: /reference/2a7f3b81-6429-4752-904e-7f5fa3686d29
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Culex tarsalis Coquillett females were infected with the NY99 strain of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) and then incubated under constant temperatures of 10-30 degrees C. At selected time intervals, transmission was attempted using an in vitro capillary tube assay. The median time from imbibing an infectious bloodmeal until infected females transmitted WNV (median extrinsic incubation period, EIP50) was estimated by probit analysis. By regressing the EIP rate (inverse of EIP50) as a function of temperature from 14 to 30 degrees C, the EIP was estimated to require 109 degree-days (DD) and the point of zero virus development (x-intercept) was estimated to be 14.3 degrees C. The resulting degree-day model showed that the NY99 WNV strain responded to temperature differently than a lineage II strain of WNV from South Africa and approximated our previous estimates for St. Louis encephalitis virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, SLEV). The invading NY99 WNV strain therefore required warm temperatures for efficient transmission. The time for completion of the EIP was estimated monthly from temperatures recorded at Coachella Valley, Los Angeles, and Kern County, California, during the 2004 epidemic year and related to the duration of the Cx. tarsalis gonotrophic cycle and measures of WNV activity. Enzootic WNV activity commenced after temperatures increased, the duration of the EIP decreased, and virus potentially was transmitted in two or less gonotrophic cycles. Temperatures in the United States during the epidemic summers of 2002-2004 indicated that WNV dispersal and resulting epicenters were linked closely to above-average summer temperatures.'
    Author: 'Reisen, W. K.; Fang, Y.; Martinez, V. M.'
    DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/43.2.309
    Date: Mar
    ISSN: 1938-2928
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Medical Entomology
    Keywords: 'Animals; California; Culex/*virology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/physiology; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/physiology; Female; Insect Vectors/*virology; Regression Analysis; Saliva/virology; Seasons; *Temperature; Time Factors; West Nile Fever/*transmission; West Nile virus/growth & development/*physiology'
    Notes: "Reisen, William K Fang, Ying Martinez, Vincent M eng 1-R01-AI55607/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2006/04/20 09:00 J Med Entomol. 2006 Mar;43(2):309-17."
    Pages: 309-317
    Title: 'Effects of temperature on the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)'
    Volume: 43
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 18029
    _uuid: 2a946904-7173-4d32-8f15-db4f8f45f5f5
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/jmedent/43.2.309
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a946904-7173-4d32-8f15-db4f8f45f5f5.yaml
  identifier: 2a946904-7173-4d32-8f15-db4f8f45f5f5
  uri: /reference/2a946904-7173-4d32-8f15-db4f8f45f5f5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: Climate change is expected to have significant effects on human health, partly through an increase in extreme events such as heatwaves. People with mental illness may be at particular risk. AIMS: To estimate risk conferred by high ambient temperature on patients with psychosis, dementia and substance misuse. METHOD: We applied time-series regression analysis to data from a nationally representative primary care cohort study. Relative risk of death per 1 degrees C increase in temperature was calculated above a threshold. RESULTS: Patients with mental illness showed an overall increase in risk of death of 4.9% (95% CI 2.0-7.8) per 1 degrees C increase in temperature above the 93rd percentile of the annual temperature distribution. Younger patients and those with a primary diagnosis of substance misuse demonstrated greatest mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of death during hot weather in patients with psychosis, dementia and substance misuse has implications for public health strategies during heatwaves.'
    Author: 'Page, L. A.; Hajat, S.; Kovats, R. S.; Howard, L. M.'
    DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.100404
    Date: Jun
    ISSN: 1472-1465
    Issue: 6
    Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry
    Keywords: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Dementia/ mortality; England/epidemiology; Hot Temperature/ adverse effects; Humans; Middle Aged; Psychotic Disorders/ mortality; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Seasons; Substance-Related Disorders/ mortality; Young Adult
    Language: eng
    Notes: "Page, Lisa A Hajat, Shakoor Kovats, R Sari Howard, Louise M Medical Research Council/United Kingdom Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England Br J Psychiatry. 2012 Jun;200(6):485-90. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.100404."
    Pages: 485-490
    Title: 'Temperature-related deaths in people with psychosis, dementia and substance misuse'
    Volume: 200
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 4949
    _uuid: 2a9775ae-a280-4260-985f-0e66d0ef8c11
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.100404
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2a9775ae-a280-4260-985f-0e66d0ef8c11.yaml
  identifier: 2a9775ae-a280-4260-985f-0e66d0ef8c11
  uri: /reference/2a9775ae-a280-4260-985f-0e66d0ef8c11
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'McGrath, Justin M.; Lobell, David B.'
    DOI: 10.1111/pce.12007
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Issue: 3
    Journal: 'Plant, Cell & Environment'
    Pages: 697-705
    Title: Reduction of transpiration and altered nutrient allocation contribute to nutrient decline of crops grown in elevated CO2 concentrations
    Volume: 36
    Year: 2013
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 16205
    _uuid: 2aa9dc2a-9a14-4ad5-b480-d58bfa3af91d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1111/pce.12007
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2aa9dc2a-9a14-4ad5-b480-d58bfa3af91d.yaml
  identifier: 2aa9dc2a-9a14-4ad5-b480-d58bfa3af91d
  uri: /reference/2aa9dc2a-9a14-4ad5-b480-d58bfa3af91d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ziska, Lewis H.; McConnell, Laura L.'
    DOI: 10.1021/jf506101h
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
    Pages: 6-12
    Title: 'Climate change, carbon dioxide, and pest biology: Monitor, mitigate, manage'
    Volume: 64
    Year: 2016
    _record_number: 19118
    _uuid: 2ac03705-8649-4a3b-8654-3ad2e7f6ce66
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1021/jf506101h
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2ac03705-8649-4a3b-8654-3ad2e7f6ce66.yaml
  identifier: 2ac03705-8649-4a3b-8654-3ad2e7f6ce66
  uri: /reference/2ac03705-8649-4a3b-8654-3ad2e7f6ce66
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: IPCC
    Book Title: 'Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'
    DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
    Editor: 'Stocker, T.F.; Qin, D.; Plattner, G.-K.; Tignor, M.; Allen, S.K.; Boschung, J.; Nauels, A.; Xia, Y.; Bex, V.; Midgley, P.M.'
    ISBN: ISBN 978-1-107-66182-0
    Pages: 1–30
    Place Published: 'Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA'
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press
    Title: Summary for policymakers
    URL: http://www.climatechange2013.org/report/
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 16457
    _uuid: 2ad39d48-c8d4-46cf-9a5c-0bc65a4da57c
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar5-wg1/chapter/wg1-ar5-spm-final
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2ad39d48-c8d4-46cf-9a5c-0bc65a4da57c.yaml
  identifier: 2ad39d48-c8d4-46cf-9a5c-0bc65a4da57c
  uri: /reference/2ad39d48-c8d4-46cf-9a5c-0bc65a4da57c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Fuentes-Afflick, Elena; Hessol, Nancy A.'
    DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2008.1241
    ISSN: 1931-843X
    Issue: 8
    Journal: Journal of Women's Health
    Pages: 1275-1280
    Title: Immigration status and use of health services among Latina women in the San Francisco Bay Area
    Volume: 18
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 16396
    _uuid: 2af35408-ef20-45b7-841b-39c7540c22ae
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1089/jwh.2008.1241
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2af35408-ef20-45b7-841b-39c7540c22ae.yaml
  identifier: 2af35408-ef20-45b7-841b-39c7540c22ae
  uri: /reference/2af35408-ef20-45b7-841b-39c7540c22ae
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    .text_styles: '<record><field id="4"><run start="0" /><run face="italic" start="45" /><run start="68" /><run face="italic" start="73" /><run start="90" /></field></record>'
    Author: "Martinez-Urtaza, J.\rBowers, J.C.\rTrinanes, J.\rDePaola, A."
    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.001
    ISSN: 0963-9969
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Food Research International
    Pages: 1780-1790
    Title: Climate anomalies and the increasing risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus illnesses
    Volume: 43
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 24: Oceans FINAL","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1892
    _uuid: 2b04b041-511c-4b3f-9e44-70d0cfae3052
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.001
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2b04b041-511c-4b3f-9e44-70d0cfae3052.yaml
  identifier: 2b04b041-511c-4b3f-9e44-70d0cfae3052
  uri: /reference/2b04b041-511c-4b3f-9e44-70d0cfae3052
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Dixon, P. G.; Brommer, D. M.; Hedquist, B. C.; Kalkstein, A. J.; Goodrich, G. B.; Walter, J. C.; Dickerson, C. C.; Penny, S. J.; Cerveny, R. S.'
    DOI: 10.1175/bams-86-7-937
    ISSN: 1520-0477
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Pages: 937-943
    Title: 'Heat mortality versus cold mortality: A study of conflicting databases in the United States'
    Volume: 86
    Year: 2005
    _chapter: Ch2
    _record_number: 17592
    _uuid: 2b5dbc4d-3375-4c7d-a995-5d140b63aae1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/bams-86-7-937
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2b5dbc4d-3375-4c7d-a995-5d140b63aae1.yaml
  identifier: 2b5dbc4d-3375-4c7d-a995-5d140b63aae1
  uri: /reference/2b5dbc4d-3375-4c7d-a995-5d140b63aae1
- attrs:
    .publisher: American Meteorological Society
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a serious public health issue for the United States. While there is a growing body of evidence that climate change will partially counter the effectiveness of future precursor emission reductions to reduce ozone (O3) air pollution, the links between PM and climate change are more complex and less understood. This paper discusses what we currently understand about the potential sensitivity of PM episodes to climate-change-related shifts in air pollution meteorology, in the broader context of the emissions and atmospheric chemistry drivers of PM. For example, initial studies have focused largely on annual average concentrations of inorganic aerosol species. However, the potential for future changes in the occurrence of PM episodes, and their underlying meteorological drivers, are likely more important to understand and remain highly uncertain. In addition, a number of other poorly understood factors interact with these likely critical meteorological changes. These include changes in emissions from wildfires, as well as atmospheric processing of organic aerosol precursor chemicals. More work is needed to support the management of the health and environmental risks of climate-induced changes in PM. We suggest five priorities for the research community to address based on the current state of the literature.'
    Author: 'Dawson, John P.; Bloomer, Bryan J.; Winner, Darrell A.; Weaver, Christopher P.'
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00181.1
    Date: 2014/04/01
    ISSN: 1520-0477
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Pages: 521-532
    Title: Understanding the meteorological drivers of U.S. particulate matter concentrations in a changing climate
    Volume: 95
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 19093
    _uuid: 2bd16a59-d347-4fb4-9ff7-701e0c32ab60
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00181.1
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2bd16a59-d347-4fb4-9ff7-701e0c32ab60.yaml
  identifier: 2bd16a59-d347-4fb4-9ff7-701e0c32ab60
  uri: /reference/2bd16a59-d347-4fb4-9ff7-701e0c32ab60
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Basu, Rupa'
    DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-8-40
    ISSN: 1476-069X
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Environmental Health
    Pages: 40
    Title: 'High ambient temperature and mortality: A review of epidemiologic studies from 2001 to 2008'
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2009
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17826
    _uuid: 2c11ae4b-2588-4775-8a25-96c133975465
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1186/1476-069X-8-40
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2c11ae4b-2588-4775-8a25-96c133975465.yaml
  identifier: 2c11ae4b-2588-4775-8a25-96c133975465
  uri: /reference/2c11ae4b-2588-4775-8a25-96c133975465
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Lyme disease, caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most frequently reported arthropod-borne disease in the United States. To develop a national map of the distribution of the vectors of B, burgdorferi to humans (Ixodes scapularis Say and Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls ticks),we sent questionnaires to acarologists, health officials, and Lyme disease researchers; surveyed the 1966-1996 MEDLINE data base; and reviewed 1907-1995 National Tick Collection data. Tick collection methods cited included nagging and dragging, deer surveys, small- and medium-sized mammal surveys, CO, baiting, and receipt of tick submissions. A total of 1,058 unique, county-specific I. scapularis and I. pacificus records was obtained. Tick populations were classified as "reported" (<6 ticks and 1 life stage identified) or "established" (greater than or equal to 6 ticks or >1 life stage identified). Established populations of I. scapularis were identified in 396 counties in 32 states in the eastern and central United States, whereas established populations of I. pacificus were found in 90 counties in 5 western states. Counties with established populations were most concentrated in the northeastern, upper northcentral, and west-coastal states but were also clustered in southeastern and Gulf-coastal states. A less concentrated distribution was found in the south-central states. Reports were notably missing from all but a few counties in Ohio, West Virginia, western Virginia and North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee. They were absent in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions and from large areas of western states east of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada cordilleras. These data are useful for identifying areas of Lyme disease risk, for targeting Lyme disease prevention strategies, and for monitoring trends in spatial distribution of Lyme disease vector ticks.'
    Author: 'Dennis, D. T.; Nekomoto, T. S.; Victor, J. C.; Paul, W. S.; Piesman, J.'
    DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/35.5.629
    Date: Sep
    ISSN: 1938-2928
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Journal of Medical Entomology
    Keywords: ixodes scapularis; ixodes pacificus; lyme disease; vector distribution; united states; white-tailed deer; lyme-disease spirochete; borrelia-burgdorferi spirochaetales; dermacentor-variabilis acari; star ticks acari; amblyomma-americanum; dammini acari; vector competence; etiologic agent; north-america
    Language: English
    Notes: 124YN Times Cited:113 Cited References Count:68
    Pages: 629-638
    Title: 'Forum: Reported Distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States'
    Volume: 35
    Year: 1998
    _record_number: 17731
    _uuid: 2c9b605f-9798-4498-b14a-c4c098c03fd3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/jmedent/35.5.629
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2c9b605f-9798-4498-b14a-c4c098c03fd3.yaml
  identifier: 2c9b605f-9798-4498-b14a-c4c098c03fd3
  uri: /reference/2c9b605f-9798-4498-b14a-c4c098c03fd3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Falco, Richard C.; McKenna, Donna F.; Daniels, Thomas J.; Nadelman, Robert B.; Nowakowski, John; Fish, Durland; Wormser, Gary P.'
    ISSN: 1476-6256
    Issue: 8
    Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
    Pages: 771-776
    Title: Temporal relation between Ixodes scapularis abundance and risk for Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans
    URL: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/149/8/771.full.pdf
    Volume: 149
    Year: 1999
    _record_number: 19167
    _uuid: 2ca53f03-f457-4989-b9ba-0865d0f0b29a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-10206627
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2ca53f03-f457-4989-b9ba-0865d0f0b29a.yaml
  identifier: 2ca53f03-f457-4989-b9ba-0865d0f0b29a
  uri: /reference/2ca53f03-f457-4989-b9ba-0865d0f0b29a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Global climate change will affect the viability and spread of zoonotic parasites, while agricultural land use changes will influence infection sources and reservoirs. The health impact of these environmental changes will depend on the social, economic and physical resilience of the population. This review describes the influence of climatic variability, land-use changes, and social factors on cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in humans. Global to public health to individual-level interventions to reduce future disease burden are highlighted. Because future environmental change is expected to have the greatest health impacts in countries with limited resources, increasing research and adaptation capabilities in these regions is emphasized. Understanding how environmental and social processes interact to influence disease transmission is essential for the development of effective strategies for disease prevention.'
    Author: 'Lal, A.; Baker, M. G.; Hales, S.; French, N. P.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.10.005
    Date: Feb
    ISSN: 1471-4922
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Trends in Parasitology
    Keywords: Agriculture; Animals; Climate Change; Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology/ transmission; Giardiasis/epidemiology/ transmission; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; World Health
    Language: eng
    Notes: "Lal, Aparna Baker, Michael G Hales, Simon French, Nigel P Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review England Trends Parasitol. 2013 Feb;29(2):83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.10.005. Epub 2012 Dec 5."
    Pages: 83-90
    Title: Potential effects of global environmental changes on cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis transmission
    Volume: 29
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 4692
    _uuid: 2cc8c197-bbfc-4687-a425-8536784a15a1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.pt.2012.10.005
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2cc8c197-bbfc-4687-a425-8536784a15a1.yaml
  identifier: 2cc8c197-bbfc-4687-a425-8536784a15a1
  uri: /reference/2cc8c197-bbfc-4687-a425-8536784a15a1
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Kinney, P.L.\rPascal, M.\rVautard, R.\rLaaidi, K."
    ISSN: 1953-8030
    Journal: Bulletin Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire
    Pages: 5-7
    Title: 'Winter mortality in a changing climate: Will it go down?'
    Volume: 12-13
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 4208
    _uuid: 2cee671a-e17f-4e66-b37d-0c29a35f7210
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/winter-mortality-in-a-changing-climate-will-it-go-down
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2cee671a-e17f-4e66-b37d-0c29a35f7210.yaml
  identifier: 2cee671a-e17f-4e66-b37d-0c29a35f7210
  uri: /reference/2cee671a-e17f-4e66-b37d-0c29a35f7210
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Zhang, Guodong; Ma, Li; Beuchat, Larry R; Erickson, Marilyn C; Phelan, Vanessa H; Doyle, Michael P'
    Issue: 12
    Journal: Journal of Food Protection
    Pages: 2471-2475
    Title: 'Heat and drought stress during growth of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) does not promote internalization of Escherichia coli O157: H7'
    Volume: 72
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 18331
    _uuid: 2d065ff4-8d67-4843-b86c-d81d3a1474c4
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-20003727
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d065ff4-8d67-4843-b86c-d81d3a1474c4.yaml
  identifier: 2d065ff4-8d67-4843-b86c-d81d3a1474c4
  uri: /reference/2d065ff4-8d67-4843-b86c-d81d3a1474c4
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'A fundamental aspect of climate change is the potential shifts in flowering phenology and pollen initiation associated with milder winters and warmer seasonal air temperature. Earlier floral anthesis has been suggested, in turn, to have a role in human disease by increasing time of exposure to pollen that causes allergic rhinitis and related asthma. However, earlier floral initiation does not necessarily alter the temporal duration of the pollen season, and, to date, no consistent continental trend in pollen season length has been demonstrated. Here we report that duration of the ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) pollen season has been increasing in recent decades as a function of latitude in North America. Latitudinal effects on increasing season length were associated primarily with a delay in first frost of the fall season and lengthening of the frost free period. Overall, these data indicate a significant increase in the length of the ragweed pollen season by as much as 13-27 d at latitudes above similar to 44 degrees N since 1995. This is consistent with recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections regarding enhanced warming as a function of latitude. If similar warming trends accompany long-term climate change, greater exposure times to seasonal allergens may occur with subsequent effects on public health.'
    Accession Number: ISI:000288120400079
    Alternate Journal: P Natl Acad Sci USA
    Author: "Ziska, L.\rKnowlton, K.\rRogers, C.\rDalan, D.\rTierney, N.\rElder, M. A.\rFilley, W.\rShropshire, J.\rFord, L. B.\rHedberg, C.\rFleetwood, P.\rHovanky, K. T.\rKavanaugh, T.\rFulford, G.\rVrtis, R. F.\rPatz, J. A.\rPortnoy, J.\rCoates, F.\rBielory, L.\rFrenz, D."
    Author Address: 'Ziska, L; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth & Environm Program, Nat Resources Def Council, New York, NY 10032 USA; Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA; Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; Allergy & Asthma Care Ctr, Fargo, ND 58103 USA; Allergy & Asthma Specialists, Minneapolis, MN 55402 USA; Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clin, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA; Ctr Asthma & Allergy, Omaha, NE 68123 USA; Hedberg Allergy & Asthma Ctr, Rogers, AR 72758 USA; Allergy & Asthma Ctr Georgetown, Georgetown, TX 78628 USA; Allergy Associates, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA; Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Childrens Mercy Hosp, Sect Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA; Aerobiol Res Labs, Nepean, ON K2E 7Y5, Canada; Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA; HealthE Care Syst, St Paul, MN 55102 USA'
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014107108
    Date: Mar 8
    ISSN: 0027-8424
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    Keywords: aerobiology; allergies; global warming; ambrosia-artemisiifolia l.; climate-change; common ragweed; public-health; united-states; aeroallergens; allergy; urbanization; temperatures; counts
    Language: English
    Notes: 731PA; Times Cited:9; Cited References Count:34
    Pages: 4248-4251
    Title: Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America
    URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/108/10/4248.full.pdf+html
    Volume: 108
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL","Ch. 19: Great Plains FINAL","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Overview","RF 1","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3557
    _uuid: 2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1014107108
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1.yaml
  identifier: 2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
  uri: /reference/2d1ffd71-6c31-4d2e-9867-bdf330be45c1
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'OBJECTIVE: To examine rates and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents after Hurricane Andrew. METHOD: A random-digit dialing sample of 158 Hispanic, 116 black, and 104 white adolescent-parent pairs were surveyed in high- and low-impact areas within Dade County, Florida, 6 months after Hurricane Andrew. Subjects completed a structured telephone interview focused on within-disaster experiences and emotional reaction, disaster-related losses, lifetime exposure to violent or traumatic events, recent stressful experiences, and psychiatric symptomatology. RESULTS: Approximately 3% of males (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 5.3) and 9% of females (95% confidence interval 4.6 to 13.7) met the criteria for PTSD. Rates were highest among blacks (8.3%, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 14.2) and Hispanics (6.1%, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 9.9) and increased with age (odds ratio of 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.72) and the number of undesirable events reported (odds ratio of 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 1.57). CONCLUSIONS: While only a relatively small percentage of adolescents reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD, most reported some posttraumatic symptoms. Postdisaster planning should recognize that common stressful events occurring after disasters may be more strongly associated with PTSD than magnitude of contact with the actual disaster.'
    Author: 'Garrison, C. Z.; Bryant, E. S.; Addy, C. L.; Spurrier, P. G.; Freedy, J. R.; Kilpatrick, D. G.'
    DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199509000-00017
    Date: Sep
    ISSN: 0890-8567
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    Keywords: '*Adolescent; Age Factors; Arousal; Child; *Disasters; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Parents; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Sex Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*diagnosis/*psychology'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "Garrison, C Z Bryant, E S Addy, C L Spurrier, P G Freedy, J R Kilpatrick, D G R03 MH510651/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. United states J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995 Sep;34(9):1193-201."
    Pages: 1193-1201
    Title: Posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents after Hurricane Andrew
    Volume: 34
    Year: 1995
    _record_number: 18093
    _uuid: 2d274174-cd22-467b-bdd8-eadf7d8477fa
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1097/00004583-199509000-00017
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d274174-cd22-467b-bdd8-eadf7d8477fa.yaml
  identifier: 2d274174-cd22-467b-bdd8-eadf7d8477fa
  uri: /reference/2d274174-cd22-467b-bdd8-eadf7d8477fa
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'DeGroote, John P.; Sugumaran, Ramanathan; Brend, Sarah M.; Tucker, Brad J.; Bartholomay, Lyric C.'
    DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-7-19
    ISSN: 1476-072X
    Issue: 1
    Journal: International Journal of Health Geographics
    Pages: 19
    Title: 'Landscape, demographic, entomological, and climatic associations with human disease incidence of West Nile virus in the state of Iowa, USA'
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: Ch4
    _record_number: 17721
    _uuid: 2d4da1cd-83c7-4ed5-89c4-91dd7bd84b5a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1186/1476-072x-7-19
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d4da1cd-83c7-4ed5-89c4-91dd7bd84b5a.yaml
  identifier: 2d4da1cd-83c7-4ed5-89c4-91dd7bd84b5a
  uri: /reference/2d4da1cd-83c7-4ed5-89c4-91dd7bd84b5a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kinney, P.L.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.025
    ISSN: 0749-3797
    Issue: 5
    Journal: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    Pages: 459-467
    Title: 'Climate change, air quality, and human health'
    URL: http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2808%2900690-9/fulltext
    Volume: 35
    Year: 2008
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 332
    _uuid: 2d58d3bb-62b3-45f2-b4c9-10d22b556f9c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.025
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d58d3bb-62b3-45f2-b4c9-10d22b556f9c.yaml
  identifier: 2d58d3bb-62b3-45f2-b4c9-10d22b556f9c
  uri: /reference/2d58d3bb-62b3-45f2-b4c9-10d22b556f9c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "Mental health practitioners are increasingly called on to administer spiritual assessments with Native American clients, in spite of limited training on the topic. To help practitioners better understand the strengths and limitations of various assessment instruments from a Native perspective, this study used a sample of recognized experts in Native American culture (N = 50) to evaluate a complementary set of spiritual assessment instruments or tools. Specifically, each instrument's degree of consistency with Native culture was evaluated along with its strengths and limitations for use with Native clients. A brief overview of each instrument is provided, along with the results, to familiarize readers with a repertoire of spiritual assessment tools so that the most culturally appropriate method can be selected in a given clinical context."
    Author: 'Hodge, David R.; Limb, Gordon E.'
    DOI: 10.1093/hsw/35.2.121
    Date: 'May 1, 2010'
    ISSN: 1545-6854
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Health & Social Work
    Pages: 121-131
    Title: 'A Native American perspective on spiritual assessment: The strengths and limitations of a complementary set of assessment tools'
    Volume: 35
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 18258
    _uuid: 2d74b799-b013-4c09-ae7e-91fdd0b35df3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/hsw/35.2.121
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2d74b799-b013-4c09-ae7e-91fdd0b35df3.yaml
  identifier: 2d74b799-b013-4c09-ae7e-91fdd0b35df3
  uri: /reference/2d74b799-b013-4c09-ae7e-91fdd0b35df3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Gronlund, Carina J.'
    DOI: 10.1007/s40471-014-0014-4
    ISSN: 2196-2995
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Current Epidemiology Reports
    Pages: 165-173
    Title: 'Racial and socioeconomic disparities in heat-related health effects and their mechanisms: A review'
    Volume: 1
    Year: 2014
    _chapter: Ch2
    _record_number: 17598
    _uuid: 2de8f6a6-933e-4bc7-8224-e754696e2a53
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s40471-014-0014-4
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2de8f6a6-933e-4bc7-8224-e754696e2a53.yaml
  identifier: 2de8f6a6-933e-4bc7-8224-e754696e2a53
  uri: /reference/2de8f6a6-933e-4bc7-8224-e754696e2a53