--- - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Allan, Brian F.; Keesing, Felicia; Ostfeld, Richard S.' DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x ISSN: 1523-1739 Issue: 1 Journal: Conservation Biology Pages: 267-272 Title: Effect of forest fragmentation on Lyme disease risk Volume: 17 Year: 2003 _record_number: 19103 _uuid: 1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92.yaml identifier: 1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92 uri: /reference/1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Vanos, J.K.; Kalkstein, L.S.; Sanford, T.J.' DOI: 10.1002/joc.3964 ISSN: 1097-0088 Issue: 1 Journal: International Journal of Climatology Pages: 85-96 Title: Detecting synoptic warming trends across the US midwest and implications to human health and heat-related mortality Volume: 35 Year: 2015 _chapter: Ch2 _record_number: 19134 _uuid: 1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/joc.3964 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59.yaml identifier: 1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59 uri: /reference/1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59 - attrs: .reference_type: 47 Author: 'Le Saux, JC; Serais, O; Krol, J; Parnaudeau, S; Salvagnac, P; Delmas, G; Cicchelero, V; Claudet, J; Pothier, P; Balay, K' Conference Location: 'Blenheim, New Zealand' Conference Name: 6th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety Pages: 256-252 Publisher: The Royal Society of New Zealand Secondary Author: 'Busby,P.' Title: Evidence of the presence of viral contamination in shellfish after short rainfall events Year of Conference: 2009 _record_number: 18875 _uuid: 1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3 reftype: Conference Paper child_publication: /generic/b2ea6866-260b-4b45-9fd0-a87487a922c2 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3.yaml identifier: 1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3 uri: /reference/1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'The illness of three people in 2011 after their ingestion of mussels collected from Sequim Bay State Park, Washington State, USA, demonstrated the need to monitor diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in Washington State for the protection of human health. Following these cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, monitoring for DSTs in Washington State became formalized in 2012, guided by routine monitoring of Dinophysis species by the SoundToxins program in Puget Sound and the Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) partnership on the outer Washington State coast. Here we show that the DSTs at concentrations above the guidance level of 16 mug okadaic acid (OA) + dinophysistoxins (DTXs)/100 g shellfish tissue were widespread in sentinel mussels throughout Puget Sound in summer 2012 and included harvest closures of California mussel, varnish clam, manila clam and Pacific oyster. Concentrations of toxins in Pacific oyster and manila clam were often at least half those measured in blue mussels at the same site. The primary toxin isomer in shellfish and plankton samples was dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) with D. acuminata as the primary Dinophysis species. Other lipophilic toxins in shellfish were pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and yessotoxin (YTX) with azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2) also measured in phytoplankton samples. Okadaic acid, azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1) and azaspiracid-3 (AZA-3) were all below the levels of detection by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A shellfish closure at Ruby Beach, Washington, was the first ever noted on the Washington State Pacific coast due to DSTs. The greater than average Fraser River flow during the summers of 2011 and 2012 may have provided an environment conducive to dinoflagellates and played a role in the prevalence of toxigenic Dinophysis in Puget Sound.' Author: 'Trainer, V. L.; Moore, L.; Bill, B. D.; Adams, N. G.; Harrington, N.; Borchert, J.; da Silva, D. A.M.; Eberhart, B.-T. L.' DOI: 10.3390/md11061815 Date: Jun ISSN: 1660-3397 Issue: 6 Journal: Marine Drugs Keywords: 'Animals; Bivalvia/chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Environmental Monitoring/*methods; Humans; Marine Toxins/*analysis/isolation & purification; Okadaic Acid/analysis/isolation & purification; Seafood/*analysis; Shellfish/analysis; Shellfish Poisoning/epidemiology/*prevention & control; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Washington' Language: eng Notes: "1660-3397 Trainer, Vera L Moore, Leslie Bill, Brian D Adams, Nicolaus G Harrington, Neil Borchert, Jerry da Silva, Denis A M Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Switzerland Mar Drugs. 2013 May 28;11(6):1815-35. doi: 10.3390/md11061815." Pages: 1815-1835 Title: Diarrhetic shellfish toxins and other lipophilic toxins of human health concern in Washington state Volume: 11 Year: 2013 _record_number: 18440 _uuid: 1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/md11061815 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1.yaml identifier: 1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1 uri: /reference/1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Changes in the biomass and species composition of phytoplankton may reflect major shifts in environmental conditions. We investigated relationships between the late summer biomass of different phytoplankton taxa and environmental factors, and their long-term (1979–2003) trends in two areas of the Baltic Sea, the northern Baltic proper (NBP) and the Gulf of Finland (GF), with statistical analyses. An increasing trend was found in late summer temperature and chlorophyll a of the surface water layer (0–10 m) in both areas. There was also a significant decrease in summer salinity and an increase in winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratio in the NBP, as well as increases in winter DIN concentrations and DIN:SiO4 ratio in the GF. Simultaneously, the biomass of chrysophytes and chlorophytes increased in both areas. In the NBP, also the biomass of dinophytes increased and that of euglenophytes decreased, whereas in the GF, cyanobacteria increased and cryptophytes decreased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that summer temperature and winter DIN concentration were the most important factors with respect to changes in the phytoplankton community structure. Thus, the phytoplankton communities seem to reflect both hydrographic changes and the ongoing eutrophication process in the northern Baltic Sea.' Author: 'Suikkanen, Sanna; Laamanen, Maria; Huttunen, Maija' DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004 ISSN: 1096-0015 Issue: 3-4 Journal: 'Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science' Keywords: phytoplankton; Baltic Sea; long-term changes; eutrophication; multivariate analysis Pages: 580-592 Title: Long-term changes in summer phytoplankton communities of the open northern Baltic Sea Volume: 71 Year: 2007 _record_number: 19058 _uuid: 1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf.yaml identifier: 1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf uri: /reference/1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Atkinson, R. W.; Strachan, D. P.' DOI: 10.1136/thx.2003.019133 ISSN: 0040-6376 Issue: 4 Journal: Thorax Pages: 277-278 Title: 'Role of outdoor aeroallergens in asthma exacerbations: Epidemiological evidence' Volume: 59 Year: 2004 _chapter: Ch3 _record_number: 17653 _uuid: 203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1136/thx.2003.019133 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd.yaml identifier: 203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd uri: /reference/203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Wiedner, C.\rRücker, J.\rBrüggemann, R.\rNixdorf, B." DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5 ISSN: 0029-8549 Issue: 3 Journal: Oecologia Pages: 473-484 Title: Climate change affects timing and size of populations of an invasive cyanobacterium in temperate regions Volume: 152 Year: 2007 _chapter: '["RG 2 Southeast","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL"]' _record_number: 3416 _uuid: 204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d.yaml identifier: 204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d uri: /reference/204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d - attrs: .place_published: 'Waco, TX' .publisher: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Historical records of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish from a coastal embayment in the Pacific Northwest of the United States are used to examine the influence of large-scale climate variations on aspects of Alexandrium catenella bloom dynamics on interannual and interdecadal timescales. An annual index of shellfish toxicity covaries with the number of days annually that sea surface temperature (SST) exceeds 13°C-a known temperature threshold for increased shellfish toxicity in this region—and with an index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In contrast, no robust relationship exists between our shellfish toxicity index and an index of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We hypothesize that this is because anomalously warm water temperatures created during El Niño winters do not generally persist into the seasonal time period that shellfish in this region accumulate PSTs, which is typically in the summer and fall. In contrast, anomalously warm water temperatures created during warm-phase PDO winters and springs typically persist into the summer and fall, thereby increasing the number of days annually that SST exceeds 13°C, and increasing the window of opportunity for Alexandrium blooms that ultimately lead to shellfish acquiring higher concentrations of PSTs.' Author: "Moore, Stephanie K.\rMantua, Nathan J.\rHickey, Barbara M.\rTrainer, Vera L." DOI: 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262 ISSN: 1939-5590 Issue: 6 Journal: Limnology and Oceanography Pages: 2262-2274 Place Published: 'Waco, TX' Title: The relative influences of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation in northwest Pacific shellfish Volume: 55 Year: 2010 _chapter: '["Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 3839 _uuid: 204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81.yaml identifier: 204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81 uri: /reference/204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Kopanic, Robert J; Sheldon, Brian W; Wright, Charles' Issue: 2 Journal: Journal of Food Protection Pages: 125-131 Title: 'Cockroaches as vectors of Salmonella: Laboratory and field trials' Volume: 57 Year: 1994 _chapter: Ch6 _record_number: 17959 _uuid: 205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/cockroaches-vectors-salmonella-laboratory-field-trials href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546.yaml identifier: 205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546 uri: /reference/205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Ford, J. D.; Smit, B.' DOI: 10.14430/arctic516 ISSN: 1923-1245 Issue: 4 Journal: Arctic Pages: 389-400 Title: A framework for assessing the vulnerability of communities in the Canadian arctic to risks associated with climate change Volume: 57 Year: 2004 _record_number: 18826 _uuid: 2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.14430/arctic516 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2.yaml identifier: 2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2 uri: /reference/2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Angelakis, A.N.; Gikas, P.' Journal: Water Utility Journal Pages: 67-78 Title: 'Water reuse: Overview of current practices and trends in the world with emphasis on EU states' URL: http://www.ewra.net/wuj/pdf/WUJ_2014_08_07.pdf Volume: 8 Year: 2014 _record_number: 19283 _uuid: 21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/water-reuse-overview-current-practices-trends-world-emphasis-eu-states href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd.yaml identifier: 21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd uri: /reference/21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Ritz, B.; Wilhelm, M.; Hoggatt, K. J.; Ghosh, J. K. C.' DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm181 ISSN: 1476-6256 Issue: 9 Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology Pages: 1045-1052 Title: 'Ambient air pollution and preterm birth in the Environment and Pregnancy Outcomes Study at the University of California, Los Angeles' Volume: 166 Year: 2007 _chapter: Ch9 _record_number: 17879 _uuid: 21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/kwm181 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835.yaml identifier: 21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835 uri: /reference/21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Previous research shows poorer birth outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and for persons with low socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated whether mothers in groups at higher risk for poor birth outcomes live in areas of higher air pollution and whether higher exposure to air pollution contributes to poor birth outcomes. An index representing long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants was matched with birth certificate data at the county level for the United States in 1998-1999. We used linear regression to estimate associations between the air pollution index and maternal race and educational attainment, a marker for SES of the mother, controlling for age, parity, marital status, and region of the country. Then we used logistic regression models both to estimate likelihood of living in counties with the highest levels of air pollution for different racial groups and by educational attainment, adjusting for other maternal risk factors, and to estimate the effect of living in counties with higher levels of air pollution on preterm delivery and births small for gestational age (SGA). Hispanic, African-American, and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers experienced higher mean levels of air pollution and were more than twice as likely to live in the most polluted counties compared with white mothers after controlling for maternal risk factors, region, and educational status [Hispanic mothers: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.66; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.92-11.32; African-American mothers: AOR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.00-6.62; Asian/Pacific Islander mothers: AOR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.07-7.39]. Educational attainment was not associated with living in counties with highest levels of the air pollution index (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.40-2.26) after adjusting for maternal risk factors, region of the country, and race/ethnicity. There was a small increase in the odds of preterm delivery (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12) but not SGA (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.07) in a county with high air pollution. Additional risk of residing in areas with poor air quality may exacerbate health problems of infants and children already at increased risk for poor health.' Author: 'Woodruff, Tracey J.; Parker, Jennifer D.; Kyle, Amy D.; Schoendorf, Kenneth C.' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5317 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 7 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Pages: 942-946 Title: Disparities in exposure to air pollution during pregnancy Volume: 111 Year: 2003 _record_number: 18293 _uuid: 218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.5317 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3.yaml identifier: 218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3 uri: /reference/218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: USDA Date Published: November 17 Pages: 20 Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Transportation Services Branch' Title: 'Grain Transportation Report, November 17, 2005' URL: http://apps.ams.usda.gov/SearchReports/Documents/steldev3100982.pdf Year: 2005 _record_number: 18312 _uuid: 2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/usda-ams-grain-transportation-report-nov-17-2005 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091.yaml identifier: 2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091 uri: /reference/2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091 - attrs: .publisher: American Chemical Society .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Coulliette, Angela D.; Money, Eric S.; Serre, Marc L.; Noble, Rachel T.' DOI: 10.1021/es803183f Date: 2009/05/15 ISSN: 1520-5851 Issue: 10 Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Pages: 3728-3735 Title: Space/time analysis of fecal pollution and rainfall in an eastern North Carolina estuary Volume: 43 Year: 2009 _record_number: 19044 _uuid: 21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1021/es803183f href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e.yaml identifier: 21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e uri: /reference/21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Jofre, Juan; Blanch, Anicet R.; Lucena, Francisco' Book Title: 'Water Scarcity in the Mediterranean: Perspectives under Global Change' DOI: 10.1007/698_2009_22 Editor: 'Sabater,Sergi; Barcelo,Damia' ISBN: 1867-979X 1616-864X Pages: 147-159 Place Published: Berlin Publisher: Springer Title: Water-borne infectious disease outbreaks associated with water scarcity and rainfall events Year: 2010 _record_number: 18858 _uuid: 21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/0c5473f4-86ce-4c9b-a2f2-1694537ce41d href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40.yaml identifier: 21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40 uri: /reference/21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Ziska, L. H.; Sicher, R. C.; George, K.; Mohan, J. E.' DOI: 10.1614/ws-06-190 ISSN: 1550-2759 Issue: 4 Journal: Weed Science Pages: 288-292 Title: Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and potential impacts on the growth and toxicity of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) Volume: 55 Year: 2007 _chapter: Ch9 _record_number: 17893 _uuid: 21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1614/ws-06-190 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9.yaml identifier: 21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9 uri: /reference/21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'BACKGROUND:Characterizing factors which determine susceptibility to air pollution is an important step in understanding the distribution of risk in a population and is critical for setting appropriate policies. We evaluate general and specific measures of community health as modifiers of risk for asthma and congestive heart failure following an episode of acute exposure to wildfire smoke.METHODS:A population-based study of emergency department visits and daily concentrations of fine particulate matter during a wildfire in North Carolina was performed. Determinants of community health defined by County Health Rankings were evaluated as modifiers of the relative risk. A total of 40 mostly rural counties were included in the study. These rankings measure factors influencing health: health behaviors, access and quality of clinical care, social and economic factors, and physical environment, as well as, the outcomes of health: premature mortality and morbidity. Pollutant concentrations were obtained from a mathematically modeled smoke forecasting system. Estimates of relative risk for emergency department visits were based on Poisson mixed effects regression models applied to daily visit counts.RESULTS:For asthma, the strongest association was observed at lag day 0 with excess relative risk of 66%(28,117). For congestive heart failure the excess relative risk was 42%(5,93). The largest difference in risk was observed after stratifying on the basis of Socio-Economic Factors. Difference in risk between bottom and top ranked counties by Socio-Economic Factors was 85% and 124% for asthma and congestive heart failure respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The results indicate that Socio-Economic Factors should be considered as modifying risk factors in air pollution studies and be evaluated in the assessment of air pollution impacts.' Author: "Rappold, Ana\rCascio, Wayne\rKilaru, Vasu\rStone, Susan\rNeas, Lucas\rDevlin, Robert\rDiaz-Sanchez, David" DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-71 ISSN: 1476-069X Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Health Pages: Article 71 Title: Cardio-respiratory outcomes associated with exposure to wildfire smoke are modified by measures of community health URL: http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069X-11-71.pdf Volume: 11 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]' _record_number: 4199 _uuid: 21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/1476-069X-11-71 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288.yaml identifier: 21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288 uri: /reference/21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Knowlton, K.\rRotkin-Ellman, M.\rGeballe, L.\rMax, W.\rSolomon, G.M." DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229 ISSN: 0278-2715 Issue: 11 Journal: Health Affairs Pages: 2167-2176 Title: Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs Volume: 30 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]' _record_number: 1545 _uuid: 21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c.yaml identifier: 21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c uri: /reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: NSSP Pages: 478 Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration' Title: 'National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish, 2011 Revision' URL: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FederalStateFoodPrograms/UCM350344.pdf Year: 2011 _record_number: 19023 _uuid: 22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/nssp-molluscan-2011 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3.yaml identifier: 22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3 uri: /reference/22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Miller, W. A.; Lewis, D. J.; Lennox, M.; Pereira, M. G. C.; Tate, K. W.; Conrad, P. A.; Atwill, E. R.' DOI: 10.1128/aem.00100-07 ISSN: 0099-2240 Issue: 21 Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Pages: 6972-6979 Title: Climate and on-farm risk factors associated with Giardia duodenalis cysts in storm runoff from California coastal dairies Volume: 73 Year: 2007 _chapter: Ch5 _record_number: 16156 _uuid: 2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1128/aem.00100-07 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c.yaml identifier: 2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c uri: /reference/2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: "BACKGROUND: The hottest year on record for the contiguous United States was 2012. July 2012 ranked as Wisconsin's fourth warmest July, which has profound implications for heat-related mortality. METHODS: We conducted a case series of 27 heat-related fatalities in Wisconsin during summer 2012. Data from death certificates supplemented by coroner reports were analyzed to characterize factors that increase vulnerability to heat-related fatality. RESULTS: The 2012 heat-related fatalities occurred in both urban and rural counties. All cases had 1 or more known risk factors: 100% lacked functioning residential air conditioning; 70% were over age 65; 75% had a cardiovascular disease; and 52% had a mental health condition. Of the 14 cases with a mental health condition, half were known to be taking psychotropic medication. None of the decedents had been in air conditioning immediately prior to death, and 8 (36%) had been using fans. CONCLUSIONS: Air conditioning is known to be a strong protective factor in preventing heat-related deaths whereas fans have not been shown to be significantly protective across all exposure situations. Prevention efforts should stress reducing social isolation by encouraging checks by friends, neighbors, or police. Prevention messages should also warn patients on psychotropic medications that the medication could increase their risk of heat-related illness or fatality." Author: 'Christenson, M. L.; Geiger, S. D.; Anderson, H. A.' Date: Oct Issue: 5 Journal: WMJ Keywords: Age Factors; Cause of Death; Death Certificates; Female; Heat Stress Disorders/*mortality; *Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Seasons; Wisconsin/epidemiology Language: eng Notes: "Christenson, Megan L Geiger, Sarah Dee Anderson, Henry A 5U38HM000414-5/HM/NCHM CDC HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. United States WMJ. 2013 Oct;112(5):219-23." Pages: 219-23 Title: Heat-related fatalities in Wisconsin during the summer of 2012 URL: https://wmstest.ancillapartners.com/_WMS/publications/wmj/pdf/112/5/219.pdf Volume: 112 Year: 2013 _record_number: 18073 _uuid: 222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/pmid-24734418 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba.yaml identifier: 222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba uri: /reference/222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Browning, C. R.; Wallace, D.; Feinberg, S. L.; Cagney, K. A.' DOI: 10.1177/000312240607100407 ISSN: 0003-1224 Issue: 4 Journal: American Sociological Review Pages: 661-678 Title: 'Neighborhood social processes, physical conditions, and disaster-related mortality: The case of the 1995 Chicago heat wave' Volume: 71 Year: 2006 _chapter: Ch9 _record_number: 17830 _uuid: 2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1177/000312240607100407 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5.yaml identifier: 2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5 uri: /reference/2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Despite years of successful isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from estuarine waters, beginning in 2007, it was extremely difficult to culture V. vulnificus from either North Carolina estuarine water or oyster samples. After employing culture-based methods as well as PCR and quantitative PCR for the detection of V. vulnificus, always with negative results, we concluded that this pathogen had become nearly undetectable in the North Carolina estuarine ecosystem. We ensured that the techniques were sound by seeding North Carolina oysters with V. vulnificus and performing the same tests as those previously conducted on unadulterated oysters. V. vulnificus was readily detected in the seeded oysters using both classes of methods. Furthermore, oysters were obtained from the Gulf of Mexico, and V. vulnificus was easily isolated, confirming that the methodology was sound but that the oysters and waters of North Carolina were lacking the V. vulnificus population studied for decades. Strikingly, the apparent loss of detectable V. vulnificus coincided with the most severe drought in the history of North Carolina. The drought continued until the end of 2009, with an elevated water column salinity being observed throughout this period and with V. vulnificus being nearly nonexistent. When salinities returned to normal after the drought abated in 2010, we were again able to routinely isolate V. vulnificus from the water column, although we were still unable to culture it from oysters. We suggest that the oysters were colonized with a more salt-tolerant bacterium during the drought, which displaced V. vulnificus and may be preventing recolonization.' Author: 'Froelich, B. A.; Williams, T. C.; Noble, R. T.; Oliver, J. D.' DOI: 10.1128/aem.07855-11 Date: Jun ISSN: 0099-2240 Issue: 11 Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Keywords: 'Animals; Colony Count, Microbial; *Droughts; North Carolina; Ostreidae/*microbiology; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods; *Salinity; Seasons; Vibrio vulnificus/*isolation & purification; Water Microbiology' Language: eng Notes: "1098-5336 Froelich, Brett A Williams, Tiffany C Noble, Rachel T Oliver, James D OCE-0813147/PHS HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jun;78(11):3885-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.07855-11. Epub 2012 Mar 23." Pages: 3885-3889 Title: Apparent loss of Vibrio vulnificus from North Carolina oysters coincides with a drought-induced increase in salinity Volume: 78 Year: 2012 _record_number: 19051 _uuid: 226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1128/aem.07855-11 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54.yaml identifier: 226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 uri: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Outbreaks of West Nile (WN) virus occurred in the New York metropolitan area in 1999 and 2000. Nineteen patients diagnosed with WN infection were hospitalized in New York and New Jersey in 2000 and were included in this review. Eleven patients had encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, and eight had meningitis alone. Ages of patients ranged from 36 to 87 years (median 63 years). Fever and neurologic and gastrointestinal symptoms predominated. Severe muscle weakness on neurologic examination was found in three patients. Age was associated with disease severity. Hospitalized cases and deaths were lower in 2000 than in 1999, although the case-fatality rate was unchanged. Clinicians in the Northeast should maintain a high level of suspicion during the summer when evaluating older patients with febrile illnesses and neurologic symptoms, especially if associated with gastrointestinal complaints or muscle weakness.' Author: 'Weiss, D.; Carr, D.; Kellachan, J.; Tan, C.; Phillips, M.; Bresnitz, E.; Layton, M.; West Nile Virus Outbreak Response Working Group' Date: Jul-Aug ISSN: 1080-6059 Issue: 4 Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases Keywords: 'Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid; Brain/radiography; *Disease Outbreaks; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data; Humans; Meningitis, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/physiopathology/radiography; Meningoencephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/physiopathology/radiography; Middle Aged; New Jersey/epidemiology; New York/epidemiology; West Nile Fever/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/*physiopathology/radiography; West Nile virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity' Notes: 'Weiss, D Carr, D Kellachan, J Tan, C Phillips, M Bresnitz, E Layton, M eng 2001/10/09 10:00 Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4):654-8.' Pages: 654-658 Title: 'Clinical findings of West Nile virus infection in hospitalized patients, New York and New Jersey, 2000' Volume: 7 Year: 2001 _record_number: 18043 _uuid: 22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid0704.010409 href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b.yaml identifier: 22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b uri: /reference/22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b