---
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Allan, Brian F.; Keesing, Felicia; Ostfeld, Richard S.'
    DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x
    ISSN: 1523-1739
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Conservation Biology
    Pages: 267-272
    Title: Effect of forest fragmentation on Lyme disease risk
    Volume: 17
    Year: 2003
    _record_number: 19103
    _uuid: 1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92.yaml
  identifier: 1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92
  uri: /reference/1f7827c0-3907-4561-96c2-25394bdf7c92
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Vanos, J.K.; Kalkstein, L.S.; Sanford, T.J.'
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.3964
    ISSN: 1097-0088
    Issue: 1
    Journal: International Journal of Climatology
    Pages: 85-96
    Title: Detecting synoptic warming trends across the US midwest and implications to human health and heat-related mortality
    Volume: 35
    Year: 2015
    _chapter: Ch2
    _record_number: 19134
    _uuid: 1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1002/joc.3964
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59.yaml
  identifier: 1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59
  uri: /reference/1fa2eb8e-08ed-4fde-96b3-a2b92d870e59
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 47
    Author: 'Le Saux, JC; Serais, O; Krol, J; Parnaudeau, S; Salvagnac, P; Delmas, G; Cicchelero, V; Claudet, J; Pothier, P; Balay, K'
    Conference Location: 'Blenheim, New Zealand'
    Conference Name: 6th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety
    Pages: 256-252
    Publisher: The Royal Society of New Zealand
    Secondary Author: 'Busby,P.'
    Title: Evidence of the presence of viral contamination in shellfish after short rainfall events
    Year of Conference: 2009
    _record_number: 18875
    _uuid: 1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3
    reftype: Conference Paper
  child_publication: /generic/b2ea6866-260b-4b45-9fd0-a87487a922c2
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3.yaml
  identifier: 1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3
  uri: /reference/1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'The illness of three people in 2011 after their ingestion of mussels collected from Sequim Bay State Park, Washington State, USA, demonstrated the need to monitor diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in Washington State for the protection of human health. Following these cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, monitoring for DSTs in Washington State became formalized in 2012, guided by routine monitoring of Dinophysis species by the SoundToxins program in Puget Sound and the Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) partnership on the outer Washington State coast. Here we show that the DSTs at concentrations above the guidance level of 16 mug okadaic acid (OA) + dinophysistoxins (DTXs)/100 g shellfish tissue were widespread in sentinel mussels throughout Puget Sound in summer 2012 and included harvest closures of California mussel, varnish clam, manila clam and Pacific oyster. Concentrations of toxins in Pacific oyster and manila clam were often at least half those measured in blue mussels at the same site. The primary toxin isomer in shellfish and plankton samples was dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) with D. acuminata as the primary Dinophysis species. Other lipophilic toxins in shellfish were pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and yessotoxin (YTX) with azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2) also measured in phytoplankton samples. Okadaic acid, azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1) and azaspiracid-3 (AZA-3) were all below the levels of detection by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A shellfish closure at Ruby Beach, Washington, was the first ever noted on the Washington State Pacific coast due to DSTs. The greater than average Fraser River flow during the summers of 2011 and 2012 may have provided an environment conducive to dinoflagellates and played a role in the prevalence of toxigenic Dinophysis in Puget Sound.'
    Author: 'Trainer, V. L.; Moore, L.; Bill, B. D.; Adams, N. G.; Harrington, N.; Borchert, J.; da Silva, D. A.M.; Eberhart, B.-T. L.'
    DOI: 10.3390/md11061815
    Date: Jun
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Marine Drugs
    Keywords: 'Animals; Bivalvia/chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Environmental Monitoring/*methods; Humans; Marine Toxins/*analysis/isolation & purification; Okadaic Acid/analysis/isolation & purification; Seafood/*analysis; Shellfish/analysis; Shellfish Poisoning/epidemiology/*prevention & control; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Washington'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "1660-3397 Trainer, Vera L Moore, Leslie Bill, Brian D Adams, Nicolaus G Harrington, Neil Borchert, Jerry da Silva, Denis A M Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Switzerland Mar Drugs. 2013 May 28;11(6):1815-35. doi: 10.3390/md11061815."
    Pages: 1815-1835
    Title: Diarrhetic shellfish toxins and other lipophilic toxins of human health concern in Washington state
    Volume: 11
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18440
    _uuid: 1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3390/md11061815
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1.yaml
  identifier: 1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1
  uri: /reference/1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Changes in the biomass and species composition of phytoplankton may reflect major shifts in environmental conditions. We investigated relationships between the late summer biomass of different phytoplankton taxa and environmental factors, and their long-term (1979–2003) trends in two areas of the Baltic Sea, the northern Baltic proper (NBP) and the Gulf of Finland (GF), with statistical analyses. An increasing trend was found in late summer temperature and chlorophyll a of the surface water layer (0–10 m) in both areas. There was also a significant decrease in summer salinity and an increase in winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratio in the NBP, as well as increases in winter DIN concentrations and DIN:SiO4 ratio in the GF. Simultaneously, the biomass of chrysophytes and chlorophytes increased in both areas. In the NBP, also the biomass of dinophytes increased and that of euglenophytes decreased, whereas in the GF, cyanobacteria increased and cryptophytes decreased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that summer temperature and winter DIN concentration were the most important factors with respect to changes in the phytoplankton community structure. Thus, the phytoplankton communities seem to reflect both hydrographic changes and the ongoing eutrophication process in the northern Baltic Sea.'
    Author: 'Suikkanen, Sanna; Laamanen, Maria; Huttunen, Maija'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004
    ISSN: 1096-0015
    Issue: 3-4
    Journal: 'Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science'
    Keywords: phytoplankton; Baltic Sea; long-term changes; eutrophication; multivariate analysis
    Pages: 580-592
    Title: Long-term changes in summer phytoplankton communities of the open northern Baltic Sea
    Volume: 71
    Year: 2007
    _record_number: 19058
    _uuid: 1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf.yaml
  identifier: 1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf
  uri: /reference/1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Atkinson, R. W.; Strachan, D. P.'
    DOI: 10.1136/thx.2003.019133
    ISSN: 0040-6376
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Thorax
    Pages: 277-278
    Title: 'Role of outdoor aeroallergens in asthma exacerbations: Epidemiological evidence'
    Volume: 59
    Year: 2004
    _chapter: Ch3
    _record_number: 17653
    _uuid: 203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1136/thx.2003.019133
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd.yaml
  identifier: 203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd
  uri: /reference/203adb04-2d0d-4b2e-ac47-bbaeb3befedd
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Wiedner, C.\rRücker, J.\rBrüggemann, R.\rNixdorf, B."
    DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5
    ISSN: 0029-8549
    Issue: 3
    Journal: Oecologia
    Pages: 473-484
    Title: Climate change affects timing and size of populations of an invasive cyanobacterium in temperate regions
    Volume: 152
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: '["RG 2 Southeast","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3416
    _uuid: 204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d.yaml
  identifier: 204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d
  uri: /reference/204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d
- attrs:
    .place_published: 'Waco, TX'
    .publisher: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Historical records of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish from a coastal embayment in the Pacific Northwest of the United States are used to examine the influence of large-scale climate variations on aspects of Alexandrium catenella bloom dynamics on interannual and interdecadal timescales. An annual index of shellfish toxicity covaries with the number of days annually that sea surface temperature (SST) exceeds 13°C-a known temperature threshold for increased shellfish toxicity in this region—and with an index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In contrast, no robust relationship exists between our shellfish toxicity index and an index of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We hypothesize that this is because anomalously warm water temperatures created during El Niño winters do not generally persist into the seasonal time period that shellfish in this region accumulate PSTs, which is typically in the summer and fall. In contrast, anomalously warm water temperatures created during warm-phase PDO winters and springs typically persist into the summer and fall, thereby increasing the number of days annually that SST exceeds 13°C, and increasing the window of opportunity for Alexandrium blooms that ultimately lead to shellfish acquiring higher concentrations of PSTs.'
    Author: "Moore, Stephanie K.\rMantua, Nathan J.\rHickey, Barbara M.\rTrainer, Vera L."
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262
    ISSN: 1939-5590
    Issue: 6
    Journal: Limnology and Oceanography
    Pages: 2262-2274
    Place Published: 'Waco, TX'
    Title: The relative influences of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation in northwest Pacific shellfish
    Volume: 55
    Year: 2010
    _chapter: '["Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 3839
    _uuid: 204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81.yaml
  identifier: 204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81
  uri: /reference/204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kopanic, Robert J; Sheldon, Brian W; Wright, Charles'
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Food Protection
    Pages: 125-131
    Title: 'Cockroaches as vectors of Salmonella: Laboratory and field trials'
    Volume: 57
    Year: 1994
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17959
    _uuid: 205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/cockroaches-vectors-salmonella-laboratory-field-trials
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546.yaml
  identifier: 205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546
  uri: /reference/205093e8-3418-4102-bbce-a8fe0e885546
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ford, J. D.; Smit, B.'
    DOI: 10.14430/arctic516
    ISSN: 1923-1245
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Arctic
    Pages: 389-400
    Title: A framework for assessing the vulnerability of communities in the Canadian arctic to risks associated with climate change
    Volume: 57
    Year: 2004
    _record_number: 18826
    _uuid: 2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.14430/arctic516
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2.yaml
  identifier: 2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2
  uri: /reference/2079bf41-ee7e-4f57-b73a-aa3543b4deb2
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Angelakis, A.N.; Gikas, P.'
    Journal: Water Utility Journal
    Pages: 67-78
    Title: 'Water reuse: Overview of current practices and trends in the world with emphasis on EU states'
    URL: http://www.ewra.net/wuj/pdf/WUJ_2014_08_07.pdf
    Volume: 8
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 19283
    _uuid: 21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/water-reuse-overview-current-practices-trends-world-emphasis-eu-states
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd.yaml
  identifier: 21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd
  uri: /reference/21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ritz, B.; Wilhelm, M.; Hoggatt, K. J.; Ghosh, J. K. C.'
    DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm181
    ISSN: 1476-6256
    Issue: 9
    Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
    Pages: 1045-1052
    Title: 'Ambient air pollution and preterm birth in the Environment and Pregnancy Outcomes Study at the University of California, Los Angeles'
    Volume: 166
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17879
    _uuid: 21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/aje/kwm181
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835.yaml
  identifier: 21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835
  uri: /reference/21601725-5269-4eff-89da-ed2851334835
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Previous research shows poorer birth outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and for persons with low socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated whether mothers in groups at higher risk for poor birth outcomes live in areas of higher air pollution and whether higher exposure to air pollution contributes to poor birth outcomes. An index representing long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants was matched with birth certificate data at the county level for the United States in 1998-1999. We used linear regression to estimate associations between the air pollution index and maternal race and educational attainment, a marker for SES of the mother, controlling for age, parity, marital status, and region of the country. Then we used logistic regression models both to estimate likelihood of living in counties with the highest levels of air pollution for different racial groups and by educational attainment, adjusting for other maternal risk factors, and to estimate the effect of living in counties with higher levels of air pollution on preterm delivery and births small for gestational age (SGA). Hispanic, African-American, and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers experienced higher mean levels of air pollution and were more than twice as likely to live in the most polluted counties compared with white mothers after controlling for maternal risk factors, region, and educational status [Hispanic mothers: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.66; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.92-11.32; African-American mothers: AOR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.00-6.62; Asian/Pacific Islander mothers: AOR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.07-7.39]. Educational attainment was not associated with living in counties with highest levels of the air pollution index (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.40-2.26) after adjusting for maternal risk factors, region of the country, and race/ethnicity. There was a small increase in the odds of preterm delivery (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12) but not SGA (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.07) in a county with high air pollution. Additional risk of residing in areas with poor air quality may exacerbate health problems of infants and children already at increased risk for poor health.'
    Author: 'Woodruff, Tracey J.; Parker, Jennifer D.; Kyle, Amy D.; Schoendorf, Kenneth C.'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5317
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 7
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Pages: 942-946
    Title: Disparities in exposure to air pollution during pregnancy
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2003
    _record_number: 18293
    _uuid: 218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.5317
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3.yaml
  identifier: 218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3
  uri: /reference/218cc72e-737b-470e-89d7-6ef0ebce12c3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: USDA
    Date Published: November 17
    Pages: 20
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Transportation Services Branch'
    Title: 'Grain Transportation Report, November 17, 2005'
    URL: http://apps.ams.usda.gov/SearchReports/Documents/steldev3100982.pdf
    Year: 2005
    _record_number: 18312
    _uuid: 2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/usda-ams-grain-transportation-report-nov-17-2005
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091.yaml
  identifier: 2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091
  uri: /reference/2198cdb0-da69-4b2d-919f-a88f85c70091
- attrs:
    .publisher: American Chemical Society
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Coulliette, Angela D.; Money, Eric S.; Serre, Marc L.; Noble, Rachel T.'
    DOI: 10.1021/es803183f
    Date: 2009/05/15
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Issue: 10
    Journal: Environmental Science & Technology
    Pages: 3728-3735
    Title: Space/time analysis of fecal pollution and rainfall in an eastern North Carolina estuary
    Volume: 43
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 19044
    _uuid: 21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1021/es803183f
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e.yaml
  identifier: 21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e
  uri: /reference/21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 7
    Author: 'Jofre, Juan; Blanch, Anicet R.; Lucena, Francisco'
    Book Title: 'Water Scarcity in the Mediterranean: Perspectives under Global Change'
    DOI: 10.1007/698_2009_22
    Editor: 'Sabater,Sergi; Barcelo,Damia'
    ISBN: 1867-979X 1616-864X
    Pages: 147-159
    Place Published: Berlin
    Publisher: Springer
    Title: Water-borne infectious disease outbreaks associated with water scarcity and rainfall events
    Year: 2010
    _record_number: 18858
    _uuid: 21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40
    reftype: Book Section
  child_publication: /book/0c5473f4-86ce-4c9b-a2f2-1694537ce41d
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40.yaml
  identifier: 21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40
  uri: /reference/21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Ziska, L. H.; Sicher, R. C.; George, K.; Mohan, J. E.'
    DOI: 10.1614/ws-06-190
    ISSN: 1550-2759
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Weed Science
    Pages: 288-292
    Title: Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and potential impacts on the growth and toxicity of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
    Volume: 55
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17893
    _uuid: 21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1614/ws-06-190
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9.yaml
  identifier: 21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9
  uri: /reference/21e4af4f-bc0d-403b-94fe-acd5e7ee71e9
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND:Characterizing factors which determine susceptibility to air pollution is an important step in understanding the distribution of risk in a population and is critical for setting appropriate policies. We evaluate general and specific measures of community health as modifiers of risk for asthma and congestive heart failure following an episode of acute exposure to wildfire smoke.METHODS:A population-based study of emergency department visits and daily concentrations of fine particulate matter during a wildfire in North Carolina was performed. Determinants of community health defined by County Health Rankings were evaluated as modifiers of the relative risk. A total of 40 mostly rural counties were included in the study. These rankings measure factors influencing health: health behaviors, access and quality of clinical care, social and economic factors, and physical environment, as well as, the outcomes of health: premature mortality and morbidity. Pollutant concentrations were obtained from a mathematically modeled smoke forecasting system. Estimates of relative risk for emergency department visits were based on Poisson mixed effects regression models applied to daily visit counts.RESULTS:For asthma, the strongest association was observed at lag day 0 with excess relative risk of 66%(28,117). For congestive heart failure the excess relative risk was 42%(5,93). The largest difference in risk was observed after stratifying on the basis of Socio-Economic Factors. Difference in risk between bottom and top ranked counties by Socio-Economic Factors was 85% and 124% for asthma and congestive heart failure respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The results indicate that Socio-Economic Factors should be considered as modifying risk factors in air pollution studies and be evaluated in the assessment of air pollution impacts.'
    Author: "Rappold, Ana\rCascio, Wayne\rKilaru, Vasu\rStone, Susan\rNeas, Lucas\rDevlin, Robert\rDiaz-Sanchez, David"
    DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-71
    ISSN: 1476-069X
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Environmental Health
    Pages: Article 71
    Title: Cardio-respiratory outcomes associated with exposure to wildfire smoke are modified by measures of community health
    URL: http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069X-11-71.pdf
    Volume: 11
    Year: 2012
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 4199
    _uuid: 21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1186/1476-069X-11-71
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288.yaml
  identifier: 21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288
  uri: /reference/21efa9a6-60df-4820-a8e4-71456cce1288
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Knowlton, K.\rRotkin-Ellman, M.\rGeballe, L.\rMax, W.\rSolomon, G.M."
    DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229
    ISSN: 0278-2715
    Issue: 11
    Journal: Health Affairs
    Pages: 2167-2176
    Title: Six climate change-related events in the United States accounted for about $14 billion in lost lives and health costs
    Volume: 30
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL"]'
    _record_number: 1545
    _uuid: 21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0229
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c.yaml
  identifier: 21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c
  uri: /reference/21f384a2-0dcf-4c1a-b1c0-add8b0e7506c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: NSSP
    Pages: 478
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration'
    Title: 'National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish, 2011 Revision'
    URL: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FederalStateFoodPrograms/UCM350344.pdf
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19023
    _uuid: 22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/nssp-molluscan-2011
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3.yaml
  identifier: 22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3
  uri: /reference/22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Miller, W. A.; Lewis, D. J.; Lennox, M.; Pereira, M. G. C.; Tate, K. W.; Conrad, P. A.; Atwill, E. R.'
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.00100-07
    ISSN: 0099-2240
    Issue: 21
    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    Pages: 6972-6979
    Title: Climate and on-farm risk factors associated with Giardia duodenalis cysts in storm runoff from California coastal dairies
    Volume: 73
    Year: 2007
    _chapter: Ch5
    _record_number: 16156
    _uuid: 2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1128/aem.00100-07
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c.yaml
  identifier: 2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c
  uri: /reference/2225450e-a786-4dcf-a431-377e20a7b62c
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "BACKGROUND: The hottest year on record for the contiguous United States was 2012. July 2012 ranked as Wisconsin's fourth warmest July, which has profound implications for heat-related mortality. METHODS: We conducted a case series of 27 heat-related fatalities in Wisconsin during summer 2012. Data from death certificates supplemented by coroner reports were analyzed to characterize factors that increase vulnerability to heat-related fatality. RESULTS: The 2012 heat-related fatalities occurred in both urban and rural counties. All cases had 1 or more known risk factors: 100% lacked functioning residential air conditioning; 70% were over age 65; 75% had a cardiovascular disease; and 52% had a mental health condition. Of the 14 cases with a mental health condition, half were known to be taking psychotropic medication. None of the decedents had been in air conditioning immediately prior to death, and 8 (36%) had been using fans. CONCLUSIONS: Air conditioning is known to be a strong protective factor in preventing heat-related deaths whereas fans have not been shown to be significantly protective across all exposure situations. Prevention efforts should stress reducing social isolation by encouraging checks by friends, neighbors, or police. Prevention messages should also warn patients on psychotropic medications that the medication could increase their risk of heat-related illness or fatality."
    Author: 'Christenson, M. L.; Geiger, S. D.; Anderson, H. A.'
    Date: Oct
    Issue: 5
    Journal: WMJ
    Keywords: Age Factors; Cause of Death; Death Certificates; Female; Heat Stress Disorders/*mortality; *Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Seasons; Wisconsin/epidemiology
    Language: eng
    Notes: "Christenson, Megan L Geiger, Sarah Dee Anderson, Henry A 5U38HM000414-5/HM/NCHM CDC HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. United States WMJ. 2013 Oct;112(5):219-23."
    Pages: 219-23
    Title: Heat-related fatalities in Wisconsin during the summer of 2012
    URL: https://wmstest.ancillapartners.com/_WMS/publications/wmj/pdf/112/5/219.pdf
    Volume: 112
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18073
    _uuid: 222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-24734418
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba.yaml
  identifier: 222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba
  uri: /reference/222f1cca-24a5-4d3f-b436-39ec256114ba
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Browning, C. R.; Wallace, D.; Feinberg, S. L.; Cagney, K. A.'
    DOI: 10.1177/000312240607100407
    ISSN: 0003-1224
    Issue: 4
    Journal: American Sociological Review
    Pages: 661-678
    Title: 'Neighborhood social processes, physical conditions, and disaster-related mortality: The case of the 1995 Chicago heat wave'
    Volume: 71
    Year: 2006
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17830
    _uuid: 2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1177/000312240607100407
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5.yaml
  identifier: 2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5
  uri: /reference/2245a7ec-383f-4601-aa66-7e26d5a0b2d5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Despite years of successful isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from estuarine waters, beginning in 2007, it was extremely difficult to culture V. vulnificus from either North Carolina estuarine water or oyster samples. After employing culture-based methods as well as PCR and quantitative PCR for the detection of V. vulnificus, always with negative results, we concluded that this pathogen had become nearly undetectable in the North Carolina estuarine ecosystem. We ensured that the techniques were sound by seeding North Carolina oysters with V. vulnificus and performing the same tests as those previously conducted on unadulterated oysters. V. vulnificus was readily detected in the seeded oysters using both classes of methods. Furthermore, oysters were obtained from the Gulf of Mexico, and V. vulnificus was easily isolated, confirming that the methodology was sound but that the oysters and waters of North Carolina were lacking the V. vulnificus population studied for decades. Strikingly, the apparent loss of detectable V. vulnificus coincided with the most severe drought in the history of North Carolina. The drought continued until the end of 2009, with an elevated water column salinity being observed throughout this period and with V. vulnificus being nearly nonexistent. When salinities returned to normal after the drought abated in 2010, we were again able to routinely isolate V. vulnificus from the water column, although we were still unable to culture it from oysters. We suggest that the oysters were colonized with a more salt-tolerant bacterium during the drought, which displaced V. vulnificus and may be preventing recolonization.'
    Author: 'Froelich, B. A.; Williams, T. C.; Noble, R. T.; Oliver, J. D.'
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.07855-11
    Date: Jun
    ISSN: 0099-2240
    Issue: 11
    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    Keywords: 'Animals; Colony Count, Microbial; *Droughts; North Carolina; Ostreidae/*microbiology; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods; *Salinity; Seasons; Vibrio vulnificus/*isolation & purification; Water Microbiology'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "1098-5336 Froelich, Brett A Williams, Tiffany C Noble, Rachel T Oliver, James D OCE-0813147/PHS HHS/United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jun;78(11):3885-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.07855-11. Epub 2012 Mar 23."
    Pages: 3885-3889
    Title: Apparent loss of Vibrio vulnificus from North Carolina oysters coincides with a drought-induced increase in salinity
    Volume: 78
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19051
    _uuid: 226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1128/aem.07855-11
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54.yaml
  identifier: 226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54
  uri: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Outbreaks of West Nile (WN) virus occurred in the New York metropolitan area in 1999 and 2000. Nineteen patients diagnosed with WN infection were hospitalized in New York and New Jersey in 2000 and were included in this review. Eleven patients had encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, and eight had meningitis alone. Ages of patients ranged from 36 to 87 years (median 63 years). Fever and neurologic and gastrointestinal symptoms predominated. Severe muscle weakness on neurologic examination was found in three patients. Age was associated with disease severity. Hospitalized cases and deaths were lower in 2000 than in 1999, although the case-fatality rate was unchanged. Clinicians in the Northeast should maintain a high level of suspicion during the summer when evaluating older patients with febrile illnesses and neurologic symptoms, especially if associated with gastrointestinal complaints or muscle weakness.'
    Author: 'Weiss, D.; Carr, D.; Kellachan, J.; Tan, C.; Phillips, M.; Bresnitz, E.; Layton, M.; West Nile Virus Outbreak Response Working Group'
    Date: Jul-Aug
    ISSN: 1080-6059
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
    Keywords: 'Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid; Brain/radiography; *Disease Outbreaks; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data; Humans; Meningitis, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/physiopathology/radiography; Meningoencephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/physiopathology/radiography; Middle Aged; New Jersey/epidemiology; New York/epidemiology; West Nile Fever/cerebrospinal fluid/immunology/*physiopathology/radiography; West Nile virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity'
    Notes: 'Weiss, D Carr, D Kellachan, J Tan, C Phillips, M Bresnitz, E Layton, M eng 2001/10/09 10:00 Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4):654-8.'
    Pages: 654-658
    Title: 'Clinical findings of West Nile virus infection in hospitalized patients, New York and New Jersey, 2000'
    Volume: 7
    Year: 2001
    _record_number: 18043
    _uuid: 22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid0704.010409
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b.yaml
  identifier: 22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b
  uri: /reference/22902a5f-a6d7-4da7-9b35-85723c8a9a4b
- attrs:
    .publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'Although infrequently diagnosed in the United States, leptospirosis is a notable reemerging infectious disease throughout developing countries. Until 1995, when the disease was eliminated from the US list of nationally notifiable diseases, Hawaii led the nation in reported annual incidence rates. Leptospirosis remains a notifiable disease in Hawaii. To ascertain the status of leptospirosis in Hawaii since the most recent US report in 2002, we reviewed 1999–2008 data obtained from case investigation reports by the Hawaii State Department of Health. Of the 345 case reports related to in-state exposures, 198 (57%) were laboratory confirmed. Our findings indicate a change in seasonal disease occurrence from summer to winter and in the infective serogroup from Icterohemorrhagiae to Australis. Also, during the past 20 years, recreational exposures have plateaued, while occupational exposures have increased. Ongoing surveillance is needed to clarify and track the dynamic epidemiology of this widespread zoonosis.'
    Author: 'Katz, Alan R.; Buchholz, Arlene E.; Hinson, Kialani; Park, Sarah Y.; Effler, Paul V.'
    DOI: 10.3201/eid1702.101109
    ISSN: 1080-6059
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
    Notes: '10-1109[PII] 21291592[pmid] Emerg Infect Dis'
    Pages: 221-226
    Title: 'Leptospirosis in Hawaii, USA, 1999–2008'
    Volume: 17
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19033
    _uuid: 22a12098-889a-4048-9a0f-95105dcbdebc
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid1702.101109
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22a12098-889a-4048-9a0f-95105dcbdebc.yaml
  identifier: 22a12098-889a-4048-9a0f-95105dcbdebc
  uri: /reference/22a12098-889a-4048-9a0f-95105dcbdebc
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Kennedy, Gina; Nantel, Guy; Shetty, Prakash'
    Journal: Food Nutrition and Agriculture
    Pages: 8-16
    Title: 'The scourge of "hidden hunger": Global dimensions of micronutrient deficiencies'
    URL: ftp://193.43.36.93/docrep/fao/005/y8346m/y8346m01.pdf
    Volume: 32
    Year: 2003
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17957
    _uuid: 22acf211-b716-4aae-8607-f514b0d05f19
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /report/fao-hiddenhunger-2003
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22acf211-b716-4aae-8607-f514b0d05f19.yaml
  identifier: 22acf211-b716-4aae-8607-f514b0d05f19
  uri: /reference/22acf211-b716-4aae-8607-f514b0d05f19
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Solomon, E. B.; Yaron, S.; Matthews, K. R.'
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.1.397-400.2002
    ISSN: 0099-2240
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    Pages: 397-400
    Title: Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from contaminated manure and irrigation water to lettuce plant tissue and its subsequent internalization
    Volume: 68
    Year: 2002
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17940
    _uuid: 22bdb2cf-4fe1-4bb5-ac21-3bc3f0c6790b
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1128/aem.68.1.397-400.2002
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22bdb2cf-4fe1-4bb5-ac21-3bc3f0c6790b.yaml
  identifier: 22bdb2cf-4fe1-4bb5-ac21-3bc3f0c6790b
  uri: /reference/22bdb2cf-4fe1-4bb5-ac21-3bc3f0c6790b
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'In this paper, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) presents an approach and a national estimate of drinking water related endemic acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) that uses information from epidemiologic studies. There have been a limited number of epidemiologic studies that have measured waterborne disease occurrence in the United States. For this analysis, we assume that certain unknown incidence of AGI in each public drinking water system is due to drinking water and that a statistical distribution of the different incidence rates for the population served by each system can be estimated to inform a mean national estimate of AGI illness due to drinking water. Data from public water systems suggest that the incidence rate of AGI due to drinking water may vary by several orders of magnitude. In addition, data from epidemiologic studies show AGI incidence due to drinking water ranging from essentially none (or less than the study detection level) to a rate of 0.26 cases per person-year. Considering these two perspectives collectively, and associated uncertainties, EPA has developed an analytical approach and model for generating a national estimate of annual AGI illness due to drinking water. EPA developed a national estimate of waterborne disease to address, in part, the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. The national estimate uses best available science, but also recognizes gaps in the data to support some of the model assumptions and uncertainties in the estimate. Based on the model presented, EPA estimates a mean incidence of AGI attributable to drinking water of 0.06 cases per year (with a 95% credible interval of 0.02-0.12). The mean estimate represents approximately 8.5% of cases of AGI illness due to all causes among the population served by community water systems. The estimated incidence translates to 16.4 million cases/year among the same population. The estimate illustrates the potential usefulness and challenges of the approach, and provides a focus for discussions of data needs and future study designs. Areas of major uncertainty that currently limit the usefulness of the approach are discussed in the context of the estimate analysis.'
    Author: 'Messner, M.; Shaw, S.; Regli, S.; Rotert, K.; Blank, V.; Soller, J.'
    DOI: 10.2166/wh.2006.024
    ISSN: 1477-8920
    Issue: Suppl 2
    Journal: Journal of Water and Health
    Keywords: 'Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology; Community Health Services/methods/standards; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data; Epidemiologic Methods; Gastrointestinal Diseases/*epidemiology; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Monte Carlo Method; Risk Factors; United States/epidemiology; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Microbiology/*standards; Water Supply/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards'
    Language: eng
    Notes: 'Messner, Michael Shaw, Susan Regli, Stig Rotert, Ken Blank, Valerie Soller, Jeff Journal Article England J Water Health. 2006;4 Suppl 2:201-40.'
    Pages: 201-240
    Title: An approach for developing a national estimate of waterborne disease due to drinking water and a national estimate model application
    Volume: 4 Suppl 2
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 18980
    _uuid: 22ca8e37-f5b4-4f86-90d4-e3662b7d6245
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2166/wh.2006.024
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22ca8e37-f5b4-4f86-90d4-e3662b7d6245.yaml
  identifier: 22ca8e37-f5b4-4f86-90d4-e3662b7d6245
  uri: /reference/22ca8e37-f5b4-4f86-90d4-e3662b7d6245
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Medina, Angel; Rodriguez, Alicia; Magan, Naresh'
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    Issue: 348
    Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
    Title: Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production
    Volume: 5
    Year: 2014
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 16206
    _uuid: 22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00348
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066.yaml
  identifier: 22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066
  uri: /reference/22dc1579-7325-4f43-bac6-949f59609066
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Riera, Antonio; Navas-Nazario, Aledie; Shabanova, Veronika; Vaca, Federico E.'
    DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.858266
    ISSN: 1532-4303
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Asthma
    Pages: 178-184
    Title: The impact of limited English proficiency on asthma action plan use
    Volume: 51
    Year: 2014
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 16411
    _uuid: 2306dc6d-f95a-46e2-bf28-300083f31dec
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3109/02770903.2013.858266
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2306dc6d-f95a-46e2-bf28-300083f31dec.yaml
  identifier: 2306dc6d-f95a-46e2-bf28-300083f31dec
  uri: /reference/2306dc6d-f95a-46e2-bf28-300083f31dec
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: Naegleria fowleri is a climate-sensitive, thermophilic ameba found in the environment, including warm, freshwater lakes and rivers. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), which is almost universally fatal, occurs when N. fowleri-containing water enters the nose, typically during swimming, and N. fowleri migrates to the brain via the olfactory nerve. In 2011, 2 adults died in Louisiana hospitals of infectious meningoencephalitis after brief illnesses. METHODS: Clinical and environmental testing and case investigations were initiated to determine the cause of death and to identify the exposures. RESULTS: Both patients had diagnoses of PAM. Their only reported water exposures were tap water used for household activities, including regular sinus irrigation with neti pots. Water samples, tap swab samples, and neti pots were collected from both households and tested; N. fowleri were identified in water samples from both homes. CONCLUSIONS: These are the first reported PAM cases in the United States associated with the presence of N. fowleri in household plumbing served by treated municipal water supplies and the first reports of PAM potentially associated with the use of a nasal irrigation device. These cases occurred in the context of an expanding geographic range for PAM beyond southern tier states with recent case reports from Minnesota, Kansas, and Virginia. These infections introduce an additional consideration for physicians recommending nasal irrigation and demonstrate the importance of using appropriate water (distilled, boiled, filtered) for nasal irrigation. Furthermore, the changing epidemiology of PAM highlights the importance of raising awareness about this disease among physicians treating persons showing meningitislike symptoms.'
    Author: 'Yoder, J. S.; Straif-Bourgeois, S.; Roy, S. L.; Moore, T. A.; Visvesvara, G. S.; Ratard, R. C.; Hill, V. R.; Wilson, J. D.; Linscott, A. J.; Crager, R.; Kozak, N. A.; Sriram, R.; Narayanan, J.; Mull, B.; Kahler, A. M.; Schneeberger, C.; da Silva, A. J.; Poudel, M.; Baumgarten, K. L.; Xiao, L.; Beach, M. J.'
    DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis626
    Date: Nov
    ISSN: 1537-6591
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases
    Keywords: Adult; Amebiasis/*chemically induced/*mortality; Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections/*chemically induced/*mortality; Female; Humans; Louisiana; Male; Middle Aged; Naegleria fowleri/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity; Paranasal Sinus Diseases/*complications/*therapy; Therapeutic Irrigation/*adverse effects
    Language: eng
    Notes: '1537-6591 Yoder, Jonathan S Straif-Bourgeois, Susanne Roy, Sharon L Moore, Thomas A Visvesvara, Govinda S Ratard, Raoult C Hill, Vincent R Wilson, Jon D Linscott, Andrea J Crager, Ron Kozak, Natalia A Sriram, Rama Narayanan, Jothikumar Mull, Bonnie Kahler, Amy M Schneeberger, Chandra da Silva, Alexandre J Poudel, Mahendra Baumgarten, Katherine L Xiao, Lihua Beach, Michael J Case Reports Journal Article United States Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;55(9):e79-85. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis626. Epub 2012 Aug 22.'
    Pages: e79-e85
    Title: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis deaths associated with sinus irrigation using contaminated tap water
    Volume: 55
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19024
    _uuid: 2316e212-8f26-4828-8c38-86827dc8771e
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/cid/cis626
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2316e212-8f26-4828-8c38-86827dc8771e.yaml
  identifier: 2316e212-8f26-4828-8c38-86827dc8771e
  uri: /reference/2316e212-8f26-4828-8c38-86827dc8771e
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Sercu, Bram; Van De Werfhorst, Laurie C.; Murray, Jill L. S.; Holden, Patricia A.'
    DOI: 10.1021/es200981k
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Issue: 17
    Journal: Environmental Science & Technology
    Pages: 7151-7157
    Title: Sewage exfiltration as a source of storm drain contamination during dry weather in urban watersheds
    Volume: 45
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 18855
    _uuid: 235f4a57-2262-47cb-a0c0-a8df7c017e1d
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1021/es200981k
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/235f4a57-2262-47cb-a0c0-a8df7c017e1d.yaml
  identifier: 235f4a57-2262-47cb-a0c0-a8df7c017e1d
  uri: /reference/235f4a57-2262-47cb-a0c0-a8df7c017e1d
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Vereen, Ethell, Jr.; Lowrance, R. Richard; Jenkins, Michael B.; Adams, Paige; Rajeev, Sreekumari; Lipp, Erin K.'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.028
    ISSN: 1879-2448
    Issue: 16
    Journal: Water Research
    Pages: 6075-6085
    Title: Landscape and seasonal factors influence Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in a rural mixed use watershed
    Volume: 47
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18867
    _uuid: 23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.028
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532.yaml
  identifier: 23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
  uri: /reference/23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: USFA
    Date Published: August
    Pages: 63
    Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Fire Administration'
    Title: Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2012
    URL: https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/ff_fat12.pdf
    Year: 2013
    _record_number: 18251
    _uuid: 236f2212-2b3d-4919-a675-239444643afc
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/fema-firefighter-fatalities-united-states-2012
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/236f2212-2b3d-4919-a675-239444643afc.yaml
  identifier: 236f2212-2b3d-4919-a675-239444643afc
  uri: /reference/236f2212-2b3d-4919-a675-239444643afc
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: Indigenous American communities face disproportionate health burdens and environmental health risks compared with the average North American population. These health impacts are issues of both environmental and reproductive justice. OBJECTIVES: In this commentary, we review five indigenous communities in various stages of environmental health research and discuss the intersection of environmental health and reproductive justice issues in these communities as well as the limitations of legal recourse. DISCUSSION: The health disparities impacting life expectancy and reproductive capabilities in indigenous communities are due to a combination of social, economic, and environmental factors. The system of federal environmental and Indian law is insufficient to protect indigenous communities from environmental contamination. Many communities are interested in developing appropriate research partnerships in order to discern the full impact of environmental contamination and prevent further damage. CONCLUSIONS: Continued research involving collaborative partnerships among scientific researchers, community members, and health care providers is needed to determine the impacts of this contamination and to develop approaches for remediation and policy interventions.'
    Author: 'Hoover, E.; Cook, K.; Plain, R.; Sanchez, K.; Waghiyi, V.; Miller, P.; Dufault, R.; Sislin, C.; Carpenter, D. O.'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205422
    Date: Dec
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 12
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Keywords: 'Canada; *Environmental Exposure; *Environmental Health; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Indians, North American; Reproduction; *Social Justice; United States'
    Language: eng
    Notes: "1552-9924 Hoover, Elizabeth Cook, Katsi Plain, Ron Sanchez, Kathy Waghiyi, Vi Miller, Pamela Dufault, Renee Sislin, Caitlin Carpenter, David O Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Dec;120(12):1645-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205422. Epub 2012 Aug 16."
    Pages: 1645-1649
    Title: 'Indigenous peoples of North America: Environmental exposures and reproductive justice'
    Volume: 120
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 19084
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    reftype: Journal Article
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Davis, R. E.; Knappenberger, P. C.; Novicoff, W. M.; Michaels, P. J.'
    DOI: 10.3354/cr022175
    ISSN: 1616-1572
    Journal: Climate Research
    Pages: 175-184
    Title: Decadal changes in heat-related human mortality in the eastern United States
    Volume: 22
    Year: 2002
    _chapter: Ch2
    _record_number: 17591
    _uuid: 23f2225e-c4f5-45f0-9bab-1f3c97848dc2
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3354/cr022175
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  identifier: 23f2225e-c4f5-45f0-9bab-1f3c97848dc2
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    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: '1. Over the past two decades, Ixodes scapularis, the primary tick vector of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi in North America has expanded its range northward from the USA to colonize new regions in southern Canada. We have previously projected range increases for I. scapularis based on temperature suitability, but to what extent this is matched by actual tick range expansion is unknown. 2. Since 1990, I. scapularis ticks have been collected across Canada offering a unique opportunity to track the range expansion of an arthropod vector. We used these data to model time-to-establishment for tick populations across Canada to identify factors influencing the rate of spread. 3. Our results point to both long-distance dispersal of ticks by migratory birds and local dispersal by resident hosts as important potential mechanisms underlying patterns of tick range expansion. 4. Temperature (accumulated degree days > 0 degrees C) was the most important determinant of environmental suitability for tick population establishment, suggesting that climate warming may facilitate range expansion. 5. Model projections suggest that I. scapularis range will expand c. 46 km year) 1 in the coming decade, with climate warming expected to increase the rate of spread. This expansion is likely to result in a substantial increase in human Lyme disease risk, with the proportion of the human population of eastern Canada inhabiting areas with established tick populations increasing from 18% in 2010 to over 80% by 2020. 6. This first empirical model of I. scapularis invasion supports theoretical range projections based on climate suitability and provides a unique data-driven estimate of the speed of northward range expansion for I. scapularis at the continental scale. 7. Synthesis and applications. By tracking I. scapularis invasion in Canada over the past two decades, we show that I. scapularis is rapidly expanding its range and is likely to colonize the most densely populated areas of southern Canada in the coming decade. These projections suggest that prompt action is necessary to prepare the Canadian public for a likely epidemic of Lyme disease, with emphasis on focusing surveillance activities to confirm the locations of emerging Lyme disease risk.'
    Author: 'Leighton, P. A.; Koffi, J. K.; Pelcat, Y.; Lindsay, L. R.; Ogden, N. H.'
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02112.x
    Date: Apr
    ISSN: 1365-2664
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Applied Ecology
    Keywords: 'acari: ixodidae; bird migration; borrelia burgdorferi; climate change; dispersal; emerging infectious disease; public health; species distribution; surveillance; survival time analysis; eastern united-states; borrelia-burgdorferi; fragmented landscapes; passive surveillance; habitat suitability; climate-change; ixodidae; acari; emergence; risk'
    Language: English
    Notes: 916BF Times Cited:22 Cited References Count:35
    Pages: 457-464
    Title: 'Predicting the speed of tick invasion: An empirical model of range expansion for the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in Canada'
    Volume: 49
    Year: 2012
    _record_number: 17743
    _uuid: 240fe936-11ca-4d47-a234-a5533a96e248
    reftype: Journal Article
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    Author: 'Klein, Terry A.; Pacha, Laura A.; Lee, Hee-Choon S.; Kim, Heung-Chul; Lee, Won-Ja; Lee, Jong-Koo; Jeung, Gi-Gon; Sames, William J.; Gaydos, Joel C.'
    DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-01-4608
    ISSN: 1930-613X
    Issue: 4
    Journal: Military Medicine
    Pages: 412-418
    Title: 'Plasmodium vivax malaria among U.S. Forces Korea in the Republic of Korea, 1993-2007'
    Volume: 174
    Year: 2009
    _record_number: 19251
    _uuid: 2420a523-8ebc-4513-bf7c-dc6ab3e9abad
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.7205/MILMED-D-01-4608
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  identifier: 2420a523-8ebc-4513-bf7c-dc6ab3e9abad
  uri: /reference/2420a523-8ebc-4513-bf7c-dc6ab3e9abad
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Emelko, Monica B.; Silins, Uldis; Bladon, Kevin D.; Stone, Micheal'
    DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.051
    ISSN: 1879-2448
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Water Research
    Pages: 461-472
    Title: 'Implications of land disturbance on drinking water treatability in a changing climate: Demonstrating the need for "source water supply and protection" strategies'
    Volume: 45
    Year: 2011
    _record_number: 19186
    _uuid: 243f4b3b-7596-469f-ac11-3610ddb033f8
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.051
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/243f4b3b-7596-469f-ac11-3610ddb033f8.yaml
  identifier: 243f4b3b-7596-469f-ac11-3610ddb033f8
  uri: /reference/243f4b3b-7596-469f-ac11-3610ddb033f8
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    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Caillouet, Kevin A.; Michaels, Sarah R.; Xiong, X.; Foppa, Ivo; Wesson, Dawn M.'
    DOI: 10.3201/eid1405.071066
    ISSN: 1080-6059
    Issue: 5
    Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases
    Pages: 804-807
    Title: Increase in West Nile neuroinvasive disease after Hurricane Katrina
    Volume: 14
    Year: 2008
    _record_number: 19207
    _uuid: 246569fc-019d-4f86-a64b-89320403246a
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.3201/eid1405.071066
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/246569fc-019d-4f86-a64b-89320403246a.yaml
  identifier: 246569fc-019d-4f86-a64b-89320403246a
  uri: /reference/246569fc-019d-4f86-a64b-89320403246a
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 10
    Author: 40 CFR Part 82
    Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on behalf of the United States Global Change Research Program
    Title: Request for Public Engagement in the Interagency Special Report on the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States
    URL: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-02-07/pdf/2014-02304.pdf
    Year: 2014
    _record_number: 19306
    _uuid: 2466d08a-8dfe-4883-88e4-e6b5839dddd5
    reftype: Report
  child_publication: /report/federalregister-40-cfr-part-82
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2466d08a-8dfe-4883-88e4-e6b5839dddd5.yaml
  identifier: 2466d08a-8dfe-4883-88e4-e6b5839dddd5
  uri: /reference/2466d08a-8dfe-4883-88e4-e6b5839dddd5
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'An understanding of the spatial distribution of the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is a fundamental component in assessing human risk for Lyme disease in much of the United States. Although a county-level vector distribution map exists for the United States, its accuracy is limited by arbitrary categories of its reported presence. It is unknown whether reported positive areas can support established populations and whether negative areas are suitable for established populations. The steadily increasing range of I. scapularis in the United States suggests that all suitable habitats are not currently occupied. Therefore, we developed a spatially predictive logistic model for I. scapularis in the 48 conterminous states to improve the previous vector distribution map. We used ground-observed environmental data to predict the probability of established I. scapularis populations. The autologistic analysis showed that maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures as well as vapor pressure significantly contribute to population maintenance with an accuracy of 95% (p < 0.0001). A cutoff probability for habitat suitability was assessed by sensitivity analysis and was used to reclassify the previous distribution map. The spatially modeled relationship between I. scapularis presence and large-scale environmental data provides a robust suitability model that reveals essential environmental determinants of habitat suitability, predicts emerging areas of Lyme disease risk, and generates the future pattern of I. scapularis across the United States.'
    Author: 'Brownstein, John S.; Holford, Theodore R.; Fish, Durland'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6052
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Notes: '12842766[pmid] Environ Health Perspect'
    Pages: 1152-1157
    Title: A climate-based model predicts the spatial distribution of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in the United States
    Volume: 111
    Year: 2003
    _record_number: 18337
    _uuid: 2471c8e7-348f-40c2-9a28-0d46d3d1f1df
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.6052
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/2471c8e7-348f-40c2-9a28-0d46d3d1f1df.yaml
  identifier: 2471c8e7-348f-40c2-9a28-0d46d3d1f1df
  uri: /reference/2471c8e7-348f-40c2-9a28-0d46d3d1f1df
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: "Distribution of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, is poorly defined in Ontario. An endemic population is known on Long Point peninsula, Lake Erie, Ontario, but I. scapularis adults have also been collected from other localities within the province. To test the hypothesis that distribution of the blacklegged tick is limited by cold climatic extremes, 35 fed female, 70 unfed adult, and 70 unfed nymphal I. scapularis were held in containers within four natural habitats on Long Point (42 degrees 36' N; 80 degrees 5' W) and at northern localities near Ottawa (45 degrees 27' N; 75 degrees 42' W), Hearst (49 degrees 40' N; 83 degrees 41' W), and Kenora (49 degrees 47' N; 94 degrees 29' W), Ontario, from early December 1991 until May 1993. At the northern localities, 84.8 and 30.5% of fed females and unfed adults survived overwinter, respectively. On Long Point, 56.4% of fed females and 23.6% of unfed adults successfully overwintered. Longevity of fed females and unfed adults was increased by > 2 mo at the northern localities compared with Long Point, although survival rates for unfed nymphs at the northern sites and on Long Point were similar. Females within the four habitats on Long Point, and at Kenora and Ottawa, laid eggs from late April to mid-May, whereas eggs were deposited in late June at Hearst. Emergence of larvae from eggs began in late July or early August on Long Point and at Ottawa. Larvae were first observed in early October at Kenora, and no larvae emerged during 1992 at Hearst. Some eggs that overwintered during 1992-1993 at the northern sites were viable; however, hatching rate was < 10%. The minimum duration of the life cycle of I. scapularis is extended when ticks are introduced into regions of the province with seasonal degree-day accumulations lower than those observed on Long Point. Delays in deposition of eggs and emergence of larvae at Hearst and Kenora were likely a result of insufficient accumulation of degree-days above threshold temperatures for development in 1992. Though some eggs can overwinter successfully, suggesting that latitude-related reduction in seasonal temperature may not limit distribution of this tick in Ontario, hatchability was low. This factor, combined with innate incremental mortality at each instar, difficulty in finding a mate, and low density of medium to large mammal hosts for adults, may mitigate against establishment of I. scapularis by introduction of individual ticks into certain northern regions."
    Author: 'Lindsay, L. R.; Barker, I. K.; Surgeoner, G. A.; McEwen, S. A.; Gillespie, T. J.; Robinson, J. T.'
    DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/32.2.143
    Date: Mar
    ISSN: 1938-2928
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Medical Entomology
    Keywords: Animals; *Cold Climate; Female; Larva; Nymph; Ontario; Oviposition; Ticks/*growth & development
    Notes: "Lindsay, L R Barker, I K Surgeoner, G A McEwen, S A Gillespie, T J Robinson, J T eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 1995/03/01 J Med Entomol. 1995 Mar;32(2):143-52."
    Pages: 143-152
    Title: 'Survival and development of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) under various climatic conditions in Ontario, Canada'
    Volume: 32
    Year: 1995
    _record_number: 18012
    _uuid: 248a40d4-9638-4e22-ac87-aa9184159d25
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.1093/jmedent/32.2.143
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  uri: /reference/248a40d4-9638-4e22-ac87-aa9184159d25
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Grifferty, A.; Barrington, S.'
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020011x
    ISSN: 1537-2537
    Issue: 2
    Journal: Journal of Environmental Quality
    Pages: 443-446
    Title: Zinc uptake by young wheat plants under two transpiration regimes
    Volume: 29
    Year: 2000
    _chapter: Ch6
    _record_number: 17908
    _uuid: 24aa2b5f-db54-4fcc-b2df-f0161076de79
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020011x
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/24aa2b5f-db54-4fcc-b2df-f0161076de79.yaml
  identifier: 24aa2b5f-db54-4fcc-b2df-f0161076de79
  uri: /reference/24aa2b5f-db54-4fcc-b2df-f0161076de79
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: During the summer of 2003 numerous fires burned in British Columbia, Canada. OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations between respiratory and cardiovascular physician visits and hospital admissions, and three measures of smoke exposure over a 92-day study period (1 July to 30 September 2003). METHODS: A population-based cohort of 281,711 residents was identified from administrative data. Spatially specific daily exposure estimates were assigned to each subject based on total measurements of particulate matter (PM) ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) from six regulatory tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) air quality monitors, smoke-related PM10 from a CALPUFF dispersion model run for the study, and a SMOKE exposure metric for plumes visible in satellite images. Logistic regression with repeated measures was used to estimate associations with each outcome. RESULTS: The mean (± SD) exposure based on TEOM-measured PM10 was 29 ± 31 μg/m3, with an interquartile range of 14-31 μg/m3. Correlations between the TEOM, smoke, and CALPUFF metrics were moderate (0.37-0.76). Odds ratios (ORs) for a 30-μg/m3 increase in TEOM-based PM10 were 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.06] for all respiratory physician visits, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.09-1.23) for asthma-specific visits, and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.00-1.29) for respiratory hospital admissions. Associations with cardiovascular outcomes were largely null. CONCLUSIONS: Overall we found that increases in TEOM-measured PM10 were associated with increased odds of respiratory physician visits and hospital admissions, but not with cardiovascular health outcomes. Results indicating effects of fire smoke on respiratory outcomes are consistent with previous studies, as are the null results for cardiovascular outcomes. Some agreement between TEOM and the other metrics suggests that exposure assessment tools that are independent of air quality monitoring may be useful with further refinement.'
    Author: "Henderson, S. B.\rBrauer, M.\rMacnab, Y. C.\rKennedy, S. M."
    Author Address: 'School of Environmental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. sarah.henderson@ubc.ca'
    DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002288
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: 9
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    Keywords: "Adolescent\rAdult\rAged\rAged, 80 and over\rAir Pollutants\rBritish Columbia\rCardiovascular Diseases\rChild\rCohort Studies\rEnvironmental Monitoring\rEpidemiological Monitoring\rFemale\rFires\rHospitalization\rHumans\rInfant\rInfant, Newborn\rLogistic Models\rMale\rMiddle Aged\rModels, Theoretical\rOffice Visits\rParticulate Matter\rRemote Sensing Technology\rRespiratory Tract Diseases\rYoung Adult"
    Notes: "Journal Article,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"
    Pages: 1266-1271
    Title: Three measures of forest fire smoke exposure and their associations with respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes in a population-based cohort
    URL: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3230386?pdf=render
    Volume: 119
    Year: 2011
    _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Overview"]'
    _record_number: 4200
    _uuid: 250b4ec3-1264-4570-8417-c00e6d8752a8
    reftype: Journal Article
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- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Mail, GA; McHugh, RA'
    Journal: Mosquito News
    Pages: 252-254
    Title: Relation of temperature and humidity to winter survival of Culex pipiens and Culex tarsalis
    Volume: 21
    Year: 1961
    _record_number: 18342
    _uuid: 253e75bb-b200-47a1-9e22-640d6ebce376
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/relation-temperature-humidity-survival
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/253e75bb-b200-47a1-9e22-640d6ebce376.yaml
  identifier: 253e75bb-b200-47a1-9e22-640d6ebce376
  uri: /reference/253e75bb-b200-47a1-9e22-640d6ebce376
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Gwynn, R. Charon; Thurston, George D.'
    ISSN: 1552-9924
    Issue: s4
    Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
    PMC: 1240572
    Pages: 501-506
    Title: 'The burden of air pollution: Impacts among racial minorities'
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240572/pdf/ehp109s-000501.pdf
    Volume: 109
    Year: 2001
    _chapter: Ch9
    _record_number: 17850
    _uuid: 254511df-3cbb-42e6-97f2-78617479c039
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmc-11544154
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/254511df-3cbb-42e6-97f2-78617479c039.yaml
  identifier: 254511df-3cbb-42e6-97f2-78617479c039
  uri: /reference/254511df-3cbb-42e6-97f2-78617479c039
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: "Vugia, D; Cronquist, A; Hadler, J; Tobin-D'Angelo, M; Blythe, D; Smith, K; Thornton, K; Morse, D; Cieslak, P; Jones, T; Holt, K; Guzewich, J; Henao, O; Scallan, E; Angulo, F; Griffin, P; Tauxe, R; Barzilay, E"
    ISSN: 1545-861X
    Issue: 14
    Journal: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    PMID: 16617286
    Pages: 392-395
    Title: 'Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 States, United States, 2005'
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5514a2.htm
    Volume: 55
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 18807
    _uuid: 257216b0-b8a8-499a-bada-acd22a140480
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmid-16617286
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/257216b0-b8a8-499a-bada-acd22a140480.yaml
  identifier: 257216b0-b8a8-499a-bada-acd22a140480
  uri: /reference/257216b0-b8a8-499a-bada-acd22a140480
- attrs:
    .reference_type: 0
    Author: 'Beatty, Mark E.; Phelps, Scot; Rohner, Chris; Weisfuse, Isaac'
    DOI: 10.1177/003335490612100109
    ISSN: 1468-2877
    Issue: 1
    Journal: Public Health Reports
    PMC: 1497795
    PMCID: PMC1497795
    Pages: 36-44
    Title: 'Blackout of 2003: Health effects and emergency responses'
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497795
    Volume: 121
    Year: 2006
    _record_number: 19183
    _uuid: 25c22917-41da-4f27-82db-1d40c3b4f677
    reftype: Journal Article
  child_publication: /article/pmc-1497795
  href: https://data.globalchange.gov/reference/25c22917-41da-4f27-82db-1d40c3b4f677.yaml
  identifier: 25c22917-41da-4f27-82db-1d40c3b4f677
  uri: /reference/25c22917-41da-4f27-82db-1d40c3b4f677