--- - attributes: ~ caption: 'Model simulations showing the extent of permafrost loss and soil carbon change by 2100. As the climate warms, the permafrost boundary moves poleward; carbon losses from soils follow and loss rates persist long after the period of rapid thaw.' chapter_identifier: research-societal-needs create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2017/chapter/research-societal-needs/figure/modeling-permafrost-response-climate-change.yaml identifier: modeling-permafrost-response-climate-change lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2017 source_citation: 'Koven, C.D., D.M. Lawrence, and W.J. Riley. 2015. Permafrost carbon−climate feedback is sensitive to deep soil carbon decomposability but not deep soil nitrogen dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/112/12/3752.abstract ' submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2100-01-01T00:00:00 time_start: 1900-01-01T00:00:00 title: Modeling Permafrost Response to Climate Change uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2017/chapter/research-societal-needs/figure/modeling-permafrost-response-climate-change url: http://www.pnas.org/content/112/12/3752.abstract usage_limits: 'Anyone may, without requesting permission, use original figures or tables published in PNAS for noncommercial and educational use (i.e., in a review article, in a book that is not for sale), provided that the full journal reference is cited and, for articles published in volumes 90–105 (1993–2008), "Copyright (copyright year) National Academy of Sciences." Commercial reuse of figures and tables (i.e., in promotional materials, in a textbook for sale) requires permission from PNAS.' - attributes: ~ caption: 'The Next-Generation Ecosystems Experiment in the Arctic is integrating ecosystem observations with computational models to better understand, model, and predict climatically-important feedbacks from Arctic ecosystems. (Source: DOE).' chapter_identifier: research-societal-needs create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2017/chapter/research-societal-needs/figure/improving-predictions-changing-arctic-ecosystems.yaml identifier: improving-predictions-changing-arctic-ecosystems lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2017 source_citation: ~ submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Improving Predictions of Changing Arctic Ecosystems uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2017/chapter/research-societal-needs/figure/improving-predictions-changing-arctic-ecosystems url: ~ usage_limits: Public domain - attributes: ~ caption: 'U.S. Drought Monitor map of California from November 3, 2015, when 71% of the state was experiencing extreme or exceptional drought. The National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) assimilates drought-related information, data and products used to produce the Drought Monitor. The NOAA Drought Task Force, a group organized by NOAA and NIDIS involving scientists across the USGCRP agencies, helped bring relevant science to decision makers during the drought, developing a timely assessment of the link between California droughts and El Niño events.' chapter_identifier: research-societal-needs create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2017/chapter/research-societal-needs/figure/focusing-california-drought.yaml identifier: focusing-california-drought lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2017 source_citation: NIDIS submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2015-11-09T00:00:00 time_start: 2015-11-03T00:00:00 title: Focusing on the California Drought uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2017/chapter/research-societal-needs/figure/focusing-california-drought url: http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/MapsAndData/MapArchive.aspx usage_limits: Public domain - attributes: ~ caption: 'Ten-day average of methane (CH4) flux measured by five eddy covariance (EC) towers over a 300-kilometer transect across the North Slope of Alaska (shaded bands) for 2013 (red) and 2014 (brown), with the mean (solid line), 95% confidence intervals (darker shade), and standard deviation in the CH4 data (lightest shade). The regional fluxes of CH4 calculated from Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (Appendix I) aircraft data for the North Slope of Alaska are shown for 2012 (yellow circles), 2013 (red squares), and 2014 (brown diamonds). The mean dates for the onset of winter, the growing season, and the zero curtain are indicated in the band on top. Regional scale methane fluxes showed similar seasonal patterns to the five EC flux towers across multiple years. Source: Zona et al. 2016. ' chapter_identifier: research-societal-needs create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2017/chapter/research-societal-needs/figure/tracking-methane-emissions-arctic-tundra.yaml identifier: tracking-methane-emissions-arctic-tundra lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2017 source_citation: 'Zona, D., B. Gioli, R. Commane, J. Lindaas, S.C. Wofsy, C.E. Miller, S.J. Dinardo, S. Dengel, C. Sweeney, A. Karion, R.Y.-W. Chang, J.M. Henderson, P.C. Murphy, J.P. Goodrich, V. Moreaux, A. Liljedahl, J.D. Watts, J.S. Kimball, D.A. Lipson, W.C. Oechel. 2015. Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/113/1/40.full ' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Tracking Methane Emissions from Arctic Tundra uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2017/chapter/research-societal-needs/figure/tracking-methane-emissions-arctic-tundra url: http://www.pnas.org/content/113/1/40.full usage_limits: 'Anyone may, without requesting permission, use original figures or tables published in PNAS for noncommercial and educational use (i.e., in a review article, in a book that is not for sale), provided that the full journal reference is cited and, for articles published in volumes 90–105 (1993–2008), "Copyright (copyright year) National Academy of Sciences." Commercial reuse of figures and tables (i.e., in promotional materials, in a textbook for sale) requires permission from PNAS.'