--- - attributes: ~ caption: 'Forecasts of ocean surface current velocity in the Pacific Ocean off of Baja California generated in part using in-situ observations from NOAA’s Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) moored buoy array (green squares), which is part of the Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS), and from measurements collected during the SPURS-2 satellite deployment over the tropical Pacific Ocean (red square). Depicted is a strong westward-flowing South Equatorial Current driven by the trade winds that blow from east to west across the equatorial Pacific. Changes to the easterly trade winds influence the progression of ENSO events. Forecasting these changes is integral to improving predictive capabilities.' chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/strengthening-critical-observations-tropical-ocean-atmosphere.yaml identifier: strengthening-critical-observations-tropical-ocean-atmosphere lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Strengthening critical observations of the tropical ocean and atmosphere uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/strengthening-critical-observations-tropical-ocean-atmosphere url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'The 2017 annual minimum ozone detection of 131 Dobson Units over Antarctica was observed on October 9, 2017, about a week later than usual, indicating that ozone levels may be starting to recover.' chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/monitoring-recovery-ozone-layer.yaml identifier: monitoring-recovery-ozone-layer lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: NASA submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Monitoring recovery of the ozone layer uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/monitoring-recovery-ozone-layer url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: A warmed TRACE plot in the USDA-Forest Service Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. Three 15-foot diameter areas are warmed 7o F above surrounding temperatures with an array of six infrared heaters; three areas of the same size receive the same infrastructure but are not warmed. chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/predicting-future-tropical-forests.yaml identifier: predicting-future-tropical-forests lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: 'Tana E. Wood, USDA' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Predicting the future of tropical forests uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/predicting-future-tropical-forests url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'Mangrove forests store large amounts of carbon, protect the coastline from erosion, and provide shelter for many species. The image shows Landsat-based mapping of change in mangrove forests in the Florida Everglades, 2000–2016. Orange indicates areas of loss and degradation in mangroves; blue indicates areas of mangrove gains and regrowth. A) highlights areas of mangrove recovery; B) highlights areas of coastal erosion and mangrove loss; and C) highlights areas of inland mangrove degradation, with areas of inland degradation and resulting collapse of carbon-rich peat soils from saltwater intrusion shown in the inset.' chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/understanding-carbon-flows-vulnerable-coastal-wetlands.yaml identifier: understanding-carbon-flows-vulnerable-coastal-wetlands lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Understanding carbon flows in vulnerable coastal wetlands uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/understanding-carbon-flows-vulnerable-coastal-wetlands url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'The Ten Thousand Islands mangrove ecosystem in the Florida Everglades pictured before (top, March 28, 2017) and after (bottom, December 1, 2017) Hurricane Irma, as captured by the NASA G-LiHT team. The greener vegetation in the top image is indicative of a healthier ecosystem; the bottom image shows significant damage to foliage and trees.' chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/supporting-recovery-2017-hurricane-season.yaml identifier: supporting-recovery-2017-hurricane-season lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 5 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: NASA submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2017-12-01T00:00:00 time_start: 2017-03-28T00:00:00 title: Supporting recovery from the 2017 hurricane season uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/supporting-recovery-2017-hurricane-season url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'Imagery captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Terra satellite on May 2, 2017 showing flooding along several tributaries of the Mississippi River. The false-color image highlights vegetation (greens, browns), river, and flood waters (blues) from St. Louis to Memphis, along with several other affected towns and cities in Missouri, Kentucky, Arkansas, and Tennessee.' chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/responding-to-2017-midwestern-floods.yaml identifier: responding-to-2017-midwestern-floods lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 6 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: NASA Earth Observatory submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Responding to the 2017 Midwestern floods uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/responding-to-2017-midwestern-floods url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'A lake near Fairbanks, Alaska shows signs of thawing permafrost below the surface--including “drunken trees” that tip over as soil shifts around their roots. Through the ABoVE campaign, scientists are investigating the impacts of warming temperatures on northern lakes like this one.' chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/monitoring-change-alaska-arctic.yaml identifier: monitoring-change-alaska-arctic lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 7 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: 'Kate Ramsayer, NASA.' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Monitoring change in Alaska and the Arctic uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/monitoring-change-alaska-arctic url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: The figure shows long-term averages of Arctic summer sea ice concentration simulated by an adaptation of CICE/Icepack in the DOE’s Energy Exascale Earth System Model (left panel) compared with observational estimates derived from measurements by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager satellite instrument (right panel). chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/predicting-arctic-sea-ice-change.yaml identifier: predicting-arctic-sea-ice-change lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 8 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: DOE Los Alamos National Laboratory submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Predicting Arctic sea ice change uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/predicting-arctic-sea-ice-change url: ~ usage_limits: ~ - attributes: ~ caption: 'Left: In the study area in Queen Maud Land, eastern Antarctica, the blue area experienced increased snowfall related to warming temperatures . Right: Until recently, annual snowfall, as recorded in the historical ice core record (blue), remained within preindustrial averages (dashed grey lines). Data modeled by the Community Earth System Model includes an artificially-controlled run (green) and an ensemble data run (red), showing the potential projected snowfall increases based on the NSF data recorded at Queen Maud Land. The grey area around the ensemble data is the margin for error.' chapter_identifier: advancing-science create_dt: ~ href: https://data.globalchange.gov/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/modeling-ice-sheet-change-antarctica.yaml identifier: modeling-ice-sheet-change-antarctica lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 9 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019 source_citation: NASA submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Modeling ice sheet change in Antarctica uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2018-2019/chapter/advancing-science/figure/modeling-ice-sheet-change-antarctica url: ~ usage_limits: ~